hegnauer.family

H0003 · A life in the study

Leonhard Hegnauer

Born at Igis in 1843, emigrated to America in 1856, served in the Union army, 1861–63, and died at Appleton City in 1916.

born 25 Apr 1843 at Igis, Graubünden died 31 Oct 1916 at Appleton City, St. Clair

From Igis to the Pacific Also written Leonard, Leonard Hegnauer, Leonard Hagnauer, Leonhard Hagenauer, …

Igis from the air, 1 Sep 1947. Werner Friedli, ETH-Bibliothek Zürich, Bildarchiv / Stiftung Luftbild Schweiz, LBS_H1-010091, CC BY-SA 4.0

Leonhard Hegnauer was born on 25 April 1843 at Igis, Graubünden, Switzerland, and baptised the same day, the second son of Luzius Hegnauer and Anna Margreth Bernet.1 He came to America at thirteen, served in the Union army with his father, and became a farmer and banker in Bates County, Missouri.2, 3, 4

Igis and Missouri

From the 1850s the United States was the country that emigrants from Graubünden chose most often.5 In August 1856 Leonhard sailed from Le Havre with his parents and four siblings on the ship Chace, which reached New York on 29 September;6 the passenger list names him as Leonhard, 13.2 By 1860 the family was farming in Boeuf Township, Gasconade County, Missouri, where the seventeen-year-old Leonhard worked as a farmhand alongside his older brother John.7

Civil War

Leonhard had just turned eighteen when the war came to Missouri in 1861 and the county raised Home Guards around Hermann to guard the Pacific Railroad bridges.8 He very probably served three months in them, in Captain Stocklin's company, alongside his father Luzius.9, 10 Two weeks after they were disbanded on 1 October,8 on 14 October 1861, Leonhard enlisted at Hermann for three years as a private in Company C of the Gasconade County Battalion, U.S. Reserve Corps, a battalion then being organised there. The company descriptive book describes him as nineteen, five feet five and a half inches tall, with a dark complexion, brown eyes and black hair, a farmer born in "Grisson" (Grisons, the canton of Graubünden).11, 12 In January 1862 the battalion was consolidated into the 4th Missouri Infantry, in which his father also served, and Leonhard became a private in Company E. Its duty was to guard the railroad: in June 1862 General John M. Schofield wrote that he was "relying on Hundhausen", its commander, "to guard the entire Pacific Railroad as far as the Osage".13 Leonhard was present on the company's rolls through 1862, but he was sick in hospital in October and still sick at the end of the year. He was mustered out at Benton Barracks, St. Louis, on 1 February 1863.3, 11

“to guard the entire Pacific Railroad as far as the Osage”

Marriage and Pleasant Gap

By 1865, his obituary says, Leonhard had moved to Madison County, Illinois.14 Highland, in that county, had been founded in 1836 as the centre of a Swiss colony begun in 1831 under Dr. Caspar Koepfli of Sursee, in Canton Lucerne.15 At Highland, on 4 July 1866, Leonhard married Susanna Katharina Hirschi of Amsoldingen, Canton Bern, born 15 May 1846, a daughter of Christian Hirschi. Pfarrer Nicolas Schupbach of the German Evangelical congregation married them and entered the groom in his register as "Leonhard Hegnauer, farmer, Kanton Graubünden, Schweiz"; the witnesses were Johann Zimmermann and Elisabeth Mollet.16, 17, 10 Their first two children were born in Illinois: Mary Christina late in 1866 or early in 1867, and Christian in Madison County on 3 May 1868.18, 19, 10

Bates County, on the Kansas border, had been emptied in 1863 by the Union army's General Order No. 11, which ordered its people from their homes, and many of the exiles never returned.20 In 1869 the young family moved there, crossing the state in wagons pulled by ox-teams, a three-week journey; the nearest railroad station was fifty miles away at Pleasant Hill.10, 21 That year he and Anton Hammer bought land together from Thomas J. Garrison for $600; in 1871–72 the two men exchanged quitclaim deeds, probably dividing it between them.22 By August 1870 Leonhard was farming in Prairie City Township with real estate worth $1,900. His wife, Susan, the children Mary and Christian, and a Swiss-born farmer, Peter Grob, 31, lived with him, and the Hammer family were his neighbours.18 The 1877 county atlas shows his 80-acre farm with its house in Section 36 of Pleasant Gap Township.23 More children followed: Leonard on 22 March 1872,24, 25 Katherine Susanna on 17 August 1877,26 and Robert Lucius in November 1887.27 In 1880 the family of six was in Pleasant Gap Township.19 Susan bore seven children in all; two, including a daughter Margaret M., died before 1900.27, 10

Leonhard prospered. He was remembered as one of the dairy pioneers of the county, with Holstein cows and Shorthorn cattle, and he came to own 405 acres.10 The 1895 plat book shows him with 80 acres in Section 36, near the German Reformed church, and almost certainly another 82 acres directly south, across the township line in Prairie Township.28, 29 In 1890 he was listed on the special schedule of Union veterans at Pleasant Gap, with deafness as his disability.30

Leonhard and Susan were among the first members of the German Reformed church built near Prairie City about 1879, with Anton Hammer, Peter Kamm and their wives.31 In 1881 he was one of the trustees of the German Evangelical Reformed Zion Church, probably the same congregation, when Friederike Schapeler deeded land to it.22 His neighbours trusted him with their affairs. In December 1886 he was an appraiser of the estate of Peter Grob, probably the Swiss farmer who had lived in his house in 1870, and he witnessed the wills of John Peter Kamm in 1893 and Melchior Schreiter in 1902.22, 18

Later years

Leonhard was one of the organisers and a charter member of the Bank of Rockville.14, 21 By mid-October 1897 its directors had elected him vice president, and a Butler paper called him and the new president "good substantial farmers and careful business men."4 He became the bank's president about 1911 and held the office until he died.14, 21 He was a devoted member of the German Reformed church near his farm and a member of the Grand Army of the Republic post at Appleton City.14 He applied for a Civil War invalid pension in July 1903, and again in February 1907, and was issued pension certificate no. 1,097,644.32, 33

About 1906 Leonhard retired from farming, leaving his son Christian on the home place, and moved with Susan to Appleton City, just across the county line in St. Clair County; the 1910 census found them there with their youngest son Robert.34, 14 He suffered a paralytic stroke on Friday, 27 October 1916, and died at his home in Appleton City on Tuesday, 31 October, aged 73.35, 36, 21, 37 His body lay at Christian's home until the relatives arrived.21 On Sunday, 5 November, about a thousand people came to the funeral at the German Reformed church north of Prairie City, where his comrades of the G.A.R. served as pall bearers, and he was buried in the church's Reform Cemetery.14, 36, 38 He was survived by Susan, his five children, his brothers Martin, Christian and John, and his sisters Christina (Mrs. Krattly) of Carthage and Barbara (Mrs. Kamm) of Rich Hill.14, 21 Susan received a widow's pension until her death on 12 February 1918 and shares his double gravestone.39, 40 A studio portrait of Leonhard and Susan with their five surviving children, taken about 1905–1910, survives in the family.41

Life in time

with the history around it
Hunger years in Graubünden
American Civil War
Order No. 11 empties the border counties

25 Apr 1843

Birth , Igis, Graubünden, Switzerland

proven Sources 1 , 11 , 25 , 35 , 36 , 40

How we know

The Igis baptism register gives birth and baptism on 25 Apr 1843, parents Luzius Hegnauer and Margreth Bernet. His 1916 death certificate (state and physician's copies, informant his daughter) and his gravestone, both later American sources, give the same date. His 1861 descriptive book gives his birthplace as Grisons (Graubünden), and his son Leonard's University of Illinois alumni record (1909) gives Canton Graubünden; the descriptive book's age of 19 in Oct 1861, like the muster-out age of 20 in Feb 1863, is one year more than the baptism implies.

Hover or tap a point, or use the arrow keys. The colour of each point is its grade.

Places in this life

12 places, in order

The map appears as you reach it.

  1. 1 Igis, Graubünden Birth 25 Apr 1843 · Baptism 25 Apr 1843
  2. 2 New York, New York Immigration 29 Sep 1856
  3. 3 Boeuf Township, Gasconade Residence 1860
  4. 4 Gasconade, Missouri Military service 1861
  5. 5 Hermann, Gasconade Military service 14 Oct 1861
  6. 6 Missouri, United States Military service between Jan 1862 and 1 Feb 1863 · Civil War Pension 2 Jul 1903
  7. 7 Highland, Madison Marriage 4 Jul 1866
  8. 8 Bates, Missouri Property 1869 · Church membership about 1879 · Church trustee 1881 · 3 more
  9. 9 Prairie City Township, Bates Residence 1870
  10. 10 Pleasant Gap Township, Bates Property 1877 · Residence 1880 · Residence 1890 · 3 more
  11. 11 Rockville, Bates Occupation between 1897 and 1916
  12. 12 Appleton City, St. Clair Residence 1910 · Death 31 Oct 1916

Hollow markers are placed approximately, at the town, county or region.

Family

Father Luzius Hegnauer 1819–aft. 1890 Mother Anna Margreth Bernet 1819–aft. 1884
This page Leonhard Hegnauer 1843–1916
Wife · m. 4 Jul 1866 Susanna Katharina Hirschi 1846–1918
Daughter Mary Christina Hegnauer c. 1866–1920 Son Christian Hegnauer 1868–1957 Son Leonard Hegnauer 1872–1963 Daughter Katherine Susanna Hegnauer 1877–1961 Son Robert Lucius Hegnauer 1887–1969 Son Emil Hegnauer c. 1870–bef. 1880
Pan, zoom and follow the family through the whole study.
Family tree Open this person's page

Loading the tree…

Records

Search the archive →

Births and baptisms 5

Marriages 8

Deaths and burials 35

Census, land and residence 10

Military 23

Newspapers 113

Other records 2

Also cited as evidence: 3 records filed under relatives
The evidence 25 facts with their grades, 43 sources, and the research notes

Facts

Fact Date Place Grade Sources
Birth 25 Apr 1843 Igis, Graubünden, Switzerland proven 1 , 11 , 25 , 35 , 36 , 40
Baptism 25 Apr 1843 Igis, Graubünden, Switzerland proven 1
Immigration 29 Sep 1856 New York, New York, United States proven 2 , 6 , 10 , 14 , 27
Residence 1860 Boeuf Township, Gasconade, Missouri, United States proven 7
Military service 1861 Gasconade, Missouri, United States probable 8 , 9 , 10 , 30
Military service 14 Oct 1861 Hermann, Gasconade, Missouri, United States proven 3 , 11 , 12
Military service between Jan 1862 and 1 Feb 1863 Missouri, United States proven 3 , 30 , 32
Marriage with Susanna Katharina Hirschi 4 Jul 1866 Highland, Madison, Illinois, United States proven 10 , 16 , 17 , 27 , 43
Property 1869 Bates, Missouri, United States proven 22
Residence 1870 Prairie City Township, Bates, Missouri, United States proven 18
Property 1877 Pleasant Gap Township, Bates, Missouri, United States proven 23
Church membership about 1879 Bates, Missouri, United States proven 14 , 31
Residence 1880 Pleasant Gap Township, Bates, Missouri, United States proven 19
Church trustee 1881 Bates, Missouri, United States proven 22
Estate appraiser 10 Dec 1886 Bates, Missouri, United States proven 18 , 22
Residence 1890 Pleasant Gap Township, Bates, Missouri, United States proven 30
Will witness 1893 Bates, Missouri, United States proven 22 , 31
Property 1895 Pleasant Gap Township, Bates, Missouri, United States proven 28 , 29
Occupation between 1897 and 1916 Rockville, Bates, Missouri, United States proven 4 , 10 , 14 , 21
Residence 1900 Pleasant Gap Township, Bates, Missouri, United States proven 27
Will witness 1902 Bates, Missouri, United States proven 22 , 25
Civil War Pension 2 Jul 1903 Missouri, United States proven 32 , 33 , 39
Residence 1910 Appleton City, St. Clair, Missouri, United States proven 14 , 34
Death 31 Oct 1916 Appleton City, St. Clair, Missouri, United States proven 14 , 21 , 35 , 36 , 37
Burial 5 Nov 1916 Pleasant Gap Township, Bates, Missouri, United States proven 14 , 21 , 36 , 38 , 40

Research notes

  • Sources: His Swiss baptism is from FamilySearch's index of the Igis Reformed registers; the image has not been viewed. His Home Guard cards and the Bates County deed, probate and tax records are known only from FamilySearch Full-Text machine transcriptions. The historical background is from the Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz, Goodspeed's county history of 1888, the Official Records, Brink's history of Madison County (1882) and the State Historical Society of Missouri.
  • Name: Leonhard at baptism; Leonard in most American records. Surname spellings in records: Hagnauer (1866 marriage register; 1880 census, indexed "Waguner"), Heyrauer (1870 census, indexed "Heyraeur"), Hageneur (1890 veterans schedule), Hagenauer (1916 state death certificate, indexed "Hagmauer"), Hegenauer (1916 Rockville Booster obituary; also his 1861 Home Guard card), Hegenaur (1883 county history's list of church members, as machine-transcribed).
  • Parents: The county history of 1883, published in his lifetime, names them as "Lucius and Margaret Hegnauer nee Bernet".42
  • Marriage (proven): The church entry (German Evangelical congregation of Highland, register 1860–1870, p. 363, 1866 no. 2) gives the date, 4 Jul 1866, the officiant, Pfarrer Nicolas Schupbach, the witnesses, Johann Zimmermann and Jungfer Elisabeth Mollet, and "Licenz zurückgesandt den 5 Juli 66".16 The Madison County register (vol. 6, p. 204) has licence no. 187 of 26 Jun 1866 and the return, as read, on 27 Jul 1866.17 The duplicate certificate drawn from the church records in 1917 for his widow's pension claim agrees, but its "page 213" is not the page of this register (363); the book number there was cut off.43
  • Arrival: The 1856 passenger list of the ship Chace (printed "Chase"), dated 30 Sep 1856, gives the family as "Hegemann" and lists him as Leonhard, 13, with his parents and siblings, and the ship reached New York on 29 Sep 1856.2, 6 This confirms his own answer of 1856 (1900 census), the 1916 obituary and the 1918 county history.27, 14, 10 His brothers' 1900 answers (John 1851, Christian 1855) are later recollections.
  • Before the war: The 1918 county history says the family settled in Madison County, Illinois, in 1856. The 1860 census has them in Gasconade County, Missouri, and the Appleton City Journal obituary gives the sequence Gasconade County (1856), then Madison County (1865). He was in the army until Feb 1863 and married in Madison County in 1866. The 1883 county history also has the family going to Madison County in 1856,42 but his father's Gasconade County deeds (a farm held from 1860, probably from 1857, until Dec 1868) keep the parents in Missouri (see his profile).
  • Three-month service in 1861 (Home Guard, probable): The county history says he served three months in 1861 before the 4th Missouri, and the 1890 schedule gives his enlistment as 16 Jun 1861 (against 14 Oct 1861 in his service record).10, 30 Two candidates have been considered. (1) The Gasconade County Home Guard, whose farmers' companies were sworn in on 14 Jun 1861 to guard the Pacific Railroad bridges and which disbanded on 1 Oct 1861, two weeks before he enlisted at Hermann: this fits his own date and the "three months", and his later captain had been a Home Guard lieutenant. The National Park Service index of the Home Guard names no Hegnauer, but it lacks the rolls of two companies, one of them Capt. Stocklin's Co. D. In Sept 2026 FamilySearch's full-text search found Home Guard cards for a "Hegenauer, Leonard" in Capt. Stocklin's company (D), 1st Battalion, Gasconade County Home Guards, in the same company as "Hegenauer, Lazurus" and "Hegenaner [Hegenauer], Lucius", evidently his father.9, 8 That makes this candidate probable; only the machine transcriptions have been read, and the cards give no dates. (2) Co. C, 1st U.S. Reserve Infantry, St. Louis, 7 May to 20 Aug 1861, from the Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles index: the National Park Service index has no Hegnauer in that regiment, the dates are simply the regiment's own, and it was a St. Louis city unit, so this is probably a derived error. His pension file may settle the question.
  • Move to Bates County: 1869 (county history, Rockville Booster). The Appleton City Journal's year for this move is hard to read (186[5?]); the family was still in Illinois when Christian was born in 1868. The obituaries say he "took a homestead", but the county history says he bought 160 acres, he had $1,900 in real estate by 1870, and no federal land patent has been found under Hegnauer, Hegenauer or Hagnauer. A BLM search by legal description (Sec. 36 T39N R30W; Sec. 1 T38N R30W) has not yet been made. A Bates County deed of 1869, found by FamilySearch's full-text search, shows him buying land jointly with Anton Hammer from Thomas J. Garrison for $600, followed by quitclaims between Hammer and Hegnauer in 1871–72, which supports the county history's purchase; its legal description has not been read.22
  • Retirement to Appleton City: About 1906 (both obituaries, "about ten years ago"; he was in Appleton City at the 1910 census) against 1911 in the county history. About 1906 is accepted.
  • Bank of Rockville: The Rockville Booster says he was vice president until the death of J. C. Laughlin, then president, in 1911. The Butler Times-Press reported in Oct 1897 that Laughlin had resigned as president and that Fred Fix was elected president with Hegnauer as vice president. Laughlin may have returned as president later; bank reports would settle it.
  • Church (about 1879): The 1883 county history lists "Leonard Hegenaur and wife" and a "Christopher Hegenaur", named without a wife, among the first members of the German Reformed church near Prairie City.31 "Christopher" was used locally for Christian, but his son Christian was only eleven in 1879, so the adult "Christopher" is more likely his unmarried brother Christian (born 1851, married 1886), before he went to Oregon. This is possible only. A 1958 cemetery survey repeats the list in a garbled form. The German Evangelical Reformed Zion Church, of which he was a trustee in 1881, is probably the same congregation.22
  • Bates County records (FamilySearch Full-Text, 27 Sep 2026): The full-text search found him in Bates County deed, probate and tax records from 1869 to 1903: the 1869 purchase with Anton Hammer, the Hammer–Hegnauer quitclaims of 1871–72, land from the E. W. Pomeroy estate in 1880, the 1881 church deed as trustee, a surety in 1883, the Peter Grob appraisal of 1886, the wills of John Peter Kamm (1893) and Melchior Schreiter (1902) as witness, and the tax lists of 1873–1903.22 Only the machine transcriptions have been read, and the nine pages have not yet been matched one by one to these documents. The deed books would give the legal descriptions and may show how he came to own 405 acres. The 1893 witness could in principle be his son Leonard, then 21.
  • Children: In 1900 Susan was the mother of 7 children, 5 living. The five survivors are Mary Christina, Christian, Leonard, Katherine Susanna and Robert Lucius. The county history names a deceased daughter, Margaret M.; as all five of the other children outlived Leonhard, she must be one of the two who had died by 1900. The second is unknown. An Emil Hegnauer, born 1870, has a Find a Grave memorial (78556009) in the Reform Cemetery with no marker; he is not in the Aug 1870 or 1880 censuses, and he is a possibility only.
  • Katherine's birth: 17 Aug 1877 (her death certificate; the 1880 census age 2 agrees) against 1878 in family trees.
  • Christian's birth: 3 May 1868 (county history and Find a Grave; the 1870 census age 2 and the 1880 census age 11 both point to 1868) against 3 May 1867 in his 1957 death certificate and obituary. 1867 is hard to reconcile with Mary's birth: her parents married on 4 Jul 1866, and her 1870 and 1880 census ages put her birth between Aug 1866 and Jun 1867, which leaves little or no room for a brother born in May 1867. Her exact date, 18 Dec 1866, is from the family tree only; her 1920 death certificate should be checked.
  • "C. Hegnauer" in 1895: The Pleasant Gap plat shows a "C. Hegnauer 80" in Section 36, near the German Reformed church, with Anton Hammer's strip between it and Leonhard's 80 acres.28 His brother Christian, who lived in Prairie Township in 1880 and married at Butler in 1886, was probably in Salem, Oregon, by 1891 and was in Marion County, Oregon, in 1893–94 (see his profile). The holder is therefore almost certainly Leonhard's son Christian (27, married, later on the home place), although land kept by the brother after his move cannot be ruled out until the Bates County deeds are searched.
  • The Prairie Township tract (1895): "Leonard Hegnauer 82.05" in Sec. 1, T38N R30W is attributed to Leonhard because it adjoins his Sec. 36 farm across the township line (together about the 160 acres of the 1869 purchase). His son Leonard (23, a student living at home) is the only namesake.
  • Susanna's death date: The gravestone photo seems to read "12. APR 1918", but her death certificate, the pension payment card and the county history give 12 Feb 1918. A sharper photograph of the stone would settle the reading.
  • Mary's death year: An annotated copy of the family photo gives 1918; family trees give 27 Apr 1920. Her own records have not yet been examined.
  • Death certificate details: The state copy is signed "J. C. Bates", names the undertaker "Lichsinger" and leaves the father's given name blank. The physician's copy in the pension file reads "G. C. Bates", "Fred Luchsinger" and "Lucious Hegnauer".
  • Pension file: Invalid certificate 1,097,644 and widow's certificate 851,144 (NARA, RG 15). The file, which holds the 1917 duplicate marriage certificate and the physician's death certificate, would give his own statements about his service and family. It has not yet been examined.
  • Leads: Other November 1916 obituaries are unread: the Republican Press (Butler) 10 Nov, the Bates County Democrat 9 and 16 Nov, the Butler Daily Democrat 6 and 13 Nov, the original Rockville Booster, and the St. Clair County Republican. The St. Clair County probate of 1916–17 has not been searched. "G. Hirschi", owner of 164 acres next to him in 1895, may be a relative of Susanna. The family-photo description calls him "brother-in-law of Elizabeth", which fits Elizabeth (Stadler) Hegnauer, wife of his brother Christian; its recorded provenance is a Stadler relative in Switzerland, so it probably descended in her Swiss family (unconfirmed).
  • Find a Grave duplicate: Memorial 233691465, "Leonard Hegnaur", France Cemetery, Shawnee Township, Bates County (no photograph; born 23 Apr 1843; his wife given as "Susana K. Seine Frau Hegnaur"), duplicates memorial 55639179 in the Reform Cemetery, which has the photograph of his gravestone.38 It evidently copies the same double stone, whose "Susanna K. seine Frau" means "Susanna K., his wife", and its 23 Apr birth date contradicts both the stone and the Igis baptism (25 Apr 1843). Its FamilySearch index entry (66M4-FCTR) was detached from his FamilySearch profile on 26 Sep 2026 as a duplicate. The memorial could be reported to Find a Grave for merging into 55639179.
  • Not him: The "Leonhard Hegnauer, solo alto" of the Appleton City Academy band in 1891 is his son Leonard. The "Leonard Hegnauer" whose mules ran away in Feb 1917 is a later Leonard, probably a grandson.
  • This profile is part of the Hegnauer one-name study.

Working notes

  • death cert 38609: cerebral hemorrhage; informant Mrs Fred Hammer (daughter); buried Reform Cemetery, Pleasant Gap (FaG 55639179); Pvt, Co. E, 4th Missouri Infantry
  • b. "Canton Graubunden, Switzerland" per son Leonard's 1909 University of Illinois alumni record; Gasconade Co. Home Guards 1861 (probable); Bates Co.: bought land with Anton Hammer 1869; trustee of the German Evangelical Reformed Zion Church 1881; among the first members of the German Reformed Church near Prairie City c.1879; appraiser Peter Grob estate 1886; witness to the wills of John Peter Kamm (1893) and Melchior Schreiter (1902); tax lists 1873-1903 (FamilySearch full text)
  • M1 (28 Sep 2026): the church entry of his 1866 marriage found - German Evangelical congregation of Highland, register 1860-1870, p. 363, 1866 no. 2: 'Leonhard Hegnauer, farmer, Kanton Graubuenden' x Susanna Katharina Hirschi of Amseldingen, 4 Jul 1866, witnesses Johann Zimmermann and Jungfer Elisabeth Mollet (O06753); county register licence no. 187 (O06752, O06777)

Sources

  1. 1

    "Switzerland, Catholic and Reformed Church Records, 1418–1996," database, FamilySearch, baptism of Leonhard Hegnauer, 25 April 1843, Igis, Graubünden; born 25 April 1843; parents Luzius Hegnauer and Margreth Bernet. FamilySearch record 6F8C-L4C6

    In the archive: O01639 , O01733 , O02053

  2. 2

    "New York, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists (including Castle Garden and Ellis Island), 1820–1957," database with images, Ancestry.com, manifest of the ship Chase [Chace], Le Havre to New York, list dated 30 September 1856 (the ship arrived 29 September), lines 155–161, "Hegemann" family: Lucie 36, Marguerite 37, Johann 15, Leonhard 13, Christian[e] 10, Martin 8, Christian 5, Swiss; citing NARA M237, roll 167; image NYM237_167-0280 (ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7488/images/NYM237_167-0280).

    Ancestry

  3. 3

    "U.S., Union Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861–1865," database with images, Ancestry.com (images on Fold3, fold3.com/image/230425643), Leonhard Hegnauer, Pvt, Co. E, 4th Missouri Infantry: joined 14 Oct 1861 at Hermann for 3 years (Co. C, Gasconade County Battalion, U.S. Reserve Corps, consolidated Jan 1862); muster-out roll, Benton Barracks, 1 Feb 1863, age 20; citing NARA M405. Also "Missouri, Civil War Service Records of Union Soldiers, 1861–1865," FamilySearch, 1861 (born about 1842) and 1863 (born about 1843). FamilySearch record FF1W-7NR; FamilySearch record FFB9-9J1

    In the archive: O02607 , O02613 Ancestry

  4. 4

    [Bank of Rockville officers], The Butler Times-Press (Butler, Missouri), 16 October 1897, p. 3: J. C. Laughlin and J. B. Durand resigned; ex-Judge Fred Fix elected president and L. Hegnauer vice president (from the Rockville Gimlet); image, Newspapers.com (newspapers.com/image/999417331).

  5. 5

    Peter Bollier, "Bevölkerung und Siedlung: Von der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts bis zum Zweiten Weltkrieg," section of Florian Hitz et al., "Graubünden," Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (HLS), version of 2004 (print-edition article, updated 29 August 2023), hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/007391/2023-08-29 (accessed 27 September 2026).

  6. 6

    "Port of New York, September 29, 1856," New York Herald, 30 September 1856, p. 10: "Ship Chase, White, Havre 36 days, with mdse and 200 passengers, to George Buckley" (loc.gov/resource/sn83030313/1856-09-30/ed-1/?sp=10); also New-York Daily Tribune, 30 September 1856, p. 8: "Ship Chace, White, Havre 36 days, mdse. and 200 passengers" (loc.gov/resource/sn83030213/1856-09-30/ed-1/?sp=8); the sailing from Havre, New York Herald, 12 September 1856, p. 8: "Sld 22d, Chace, White, NYork" (loc.gov/resource/sn83030313/1856-09-12/ed-1/?sp=8); images, Library of Congress, Chronicling America.

  7. 7

    "United States Census, 1860," database with images, FamilySearch, Leonhard Hegnauer in household of Luzi Hegnauer, Boef Township, Gasconade County, Missouri; citing NARA M653, page 123. FamilySearch record MHZ1-DLB

    In the archive: O02928 , O00033 Ancestry

  8. 8

    History of Franklin, Jefferson, Washington, Crawford and Gasconade Counties, Missouri (Chicago: Goodspeed Publishing Co., 1888), pp. 652–654, on the Gasconade County Home Guards of 1861: Julius Hundhausen's battalion of five companies (Co. D, Capt. Stochlin [Stocklin]) guarded the Pacific Railroad bridges and was "disbanded October 1, 1861, and reorganized as Hundhausen's Battalion" of the U.S. Reserve Corps (archive.org/details/historyoffrankli00cape).

  9. 9

    FamilySearch Full-Text, service cards, Gasconade County Home Guards, Missouri, 1861: "HEGENAUER, LEONARD", Capt. Stocklin's company, 1st Battalion, Gasconade County Home Guards; in the same company "HEGENAUER, LAZURUS, Pvt, Capt. Stock[lin]'s Co., 1st Batt., Gasconade County Home Guards" and "Hegenaner [Hegenauer] Lucius, Capt. Stoucklin's Co. (D) … allowances made by the Hawkins Taylor Commission" (machine transcription); images familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C3W4-M9SN-W, familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QHK-93PK-ZXP6, familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS1C-CHR7-L and familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS1C-CH1H-5

    In the archive: O04079

  10. 10

    [W. O. Atkeson], History of Bates County, Missouri (1918), pp. 719–721, sketch of Christian Hegnauer, including his father Leonard Hegnauer; scan shared by Susanna Vogt, "Bates History - Hegnauer excerpt," Ancestry member tree 37158608, 4 December 2023.

    Ancestry

  11. 11

    Compiled service record, Leonhard Hegnauer, Co. C, Gasconade County Battalion, U.S. Reserve Corps, Missouri Infantry, Company Descriptive Book: age 19, 5 ft 5½ in, dark complexion, brown eyes, black hair, born "Grisson" [Grisons], Switzerland, farmer, enlisted 14 Oct 1861 at Hermann; with returns of Co. E, 4th Mo. Inf., Oct 1862, absent sick in hospital; NARA M405; images, Fold3 (fold3.com/image/239395000).

  12. 12

    "U.S., Civil War Soldiers, 1861–1865," database, Ancestry.com, Leonhard Hegnauer, Union, Missouri, Co. C, Gasconade County Battalion, U.S. Reserve Corps, Missouri Home Guard, private; citing National Park Service Soldiers and Sailors System, NARA M390, roll 21.

    In the archive: O02603 , O02604 Ancestry

  13. 13

    U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1880–1901), vol. 13 (1885), p. 413, Brig. Gen. J. M. Schofield to Brig. Gen. James Totten, St. Louis, 3 June 1862: "I have sent Rombauer's regiment to Rolla, relying on Hundhausen to guard the entire Pacific Railroad as far as the Osage"; and p. 508, Col. Lewis Merrill to Col. R. Hundhausen, Pacific City, 23 July 1862, on "your guards along the line of the road" (archive.org/details/warofrebellion13unit, accessed 27 September 2026).

  14. 14

    "Passing of a Pioneer: Leonard Hegnauer, Well Known German Citizen Succumbs to Paralysis After Brief Illness," Appleton City Journal (Appleton City, Missouri), 9 November 1916, p. 1; image, Newspapers.com (newspapers.com/image/863313858).

  15. 15

    History of Madison County, Illinois (Edwardsville, Ill.: W. R. Brink & Co., 1882), pp. 428–429, Helvetia Township: "Under the leadership of Dr. Caspar Koepfli, of Sursee, canton Lucerne, Switzerland, a cluster of Swiss parties arrived in 1831"; in 1836 the foundation of the town of Highland made the north of the township "the centre of life and activity of this Swiss colony" (archive.org/details/historyofmadison00brin, accessed 27 September 2026).

  16. 16

    German Evangelical congregation, Highland, Illinois (now Evangelical United Church of Christ), register 1860–1870, marriages by Pfarrer Nicolas Schupbach, p. 363, 1866 no. 2: Leonhard Hegnauer, farmer, of Kanton Graubünden, Switzerland, and Susanna Katharina Hirschi, of Amseldingen, Kanton Bern; witnesses Johann Zimmermann and Jungfer Elisabeth Mollet; married 4 July 1866; licence sent back 5 July 1866; Family History Library film 1433226, item 4 (DGS 8198847, image 594), image read 27 September 2026. FamilySearch image 3Q9M-CSLL-QPR4

    In the archive: O06753

  17. 17

    Madison County, Illinois, Marriage Register vol. 6, p. 204: licence no. 187, 26 June 1866, Leonard Hagnauer and Susan K Hirschi; married 4 July 1866 by N. Schupbach, M.G.; returned 27 July 1866 (as read); "Illinois, County Marriages, 1810–1940," database with images, FamilySearch (image read 27 September 2026) FamilySearch record QK9L-7HX2; Illinois Statewide Marriage Index, vol. 006, p. 0204, licence 187; also "Illinois, U.S., County Marriage Records, 1800–1940," Ancestry.com.

    In the archive: O06752 , O06777 , O00039 Ancestry

  18. 18

    1870 U.S. Federal Census, Prairie City Township, Bates County, Missouri, post office Pleasant Gap, page 24, dwelling 173, family 174, Leonard "Heyrauer" [Hegnauer] (27, farmer, born Switzerland), Susan (24), Mary (3, Ill.), Christian (2, Ill.) and Peter Grob (31); citing NARA M593; database with images, Ancestry.com.

    Ancestry

  19. 19

    1880 U.S. Federal Census, Pleasant Gap Township, Bates County, Missouri, E.D. 160, dwelling 72, Leonard Hagn[a]uer [indexed "Lenerd Waguner"] (37, farmer, born Switzerland), wife Susan, children Mary C., Christian, Leonard and Susan; citing NARA T9; database with images, Ancestry.com.

    Ancestry

  20. 20

    Jeremy Neely, "Missouri-Kansas Border War," Missouri Encyclopedia (State Historical Society of Missouri, published 24 June 2020, updated 29 June 2020): four days after the Lawrence raid of 21 August 1863, General Order Number 11 "authorized the Union army to eject the residents of Jackson, Cass, Bates, and northern Vernon Counties"; observers called the empty border counties the "Burnt District", and "Thousands of exiles would return after the war, but many others would not", missouriencyclopedia.org/events/missouri-kansas-border-war (accessed 27 September 2026).

  21. 21

    "Gone to His Reward," obituary of Leonard Hegenauer, reprinted from the Rockville Booster (Rockville, Missouri), November 1916 (reprinting paper and date not visible); photograph of the clipping shared by jnel126, "Leonhard Hegnauer Obit," Ancestry member tree 154982007, 10 November 2018.

    Ancestry

  22. 22

    FamilySearch Full-Text, Bates County, Missouri, deed, probate and tax records naming Leonhard Hegnauer, 1869–1903 (machine transcriptions, among them "L Hegnaner"): purchase with Anton Hammer from Thomas J. Garrison, 1869, $600; quitclaims between Hammer and Hegnauer, 1871–72; land from the E. W. Pomeroy estate, 1880; trustee of the German Evangelical Reformed Zion Church, deed from Friederike Schapeler, 1881; surety, 1883; appraiser of the estate of Peter Grob, 10 December 1886; witness to the wills of John Peter Kamm (1893) and Melchior Schreiter (1902); tax lists, 1873–1903; images familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSLF-KL5N, familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C39B-J3MC-B, familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C39B-J3MH-P, familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C39B-F96C-S, familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C39B-F96W-2, familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-99LM-W3XX, familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QSQ-G9LM-399V-7, familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QSQ-G9LM-399K-K and familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QHK-27SN-YX45

    In the archive: O04085

  23. 23

    Plat of Pleasant Gap Township (T39N R30W), 1877 atlas of Bates County, Missouri, Sec. 36: "L. Hegnau[e]r 80" with a dwelling; scan shared by Susanna Vogt (sujavo), "Bates County, MO 1877 Atlas," Ancestry member tree 37158608, 31 October 2023.

    Ancestry

  24. 24

    "United States, Social Security Numerical Identification Files (NUMIDENT), 1936–2007," database, FamilySearch, Leonard Hegnauer, born 22 March 1872, Prairie City, Missouri; parents Leonard Hegnauer and Susanna K. Hirsch[i]. FamilySearch record 6KWB-GLFJ Also "U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index," Ancestry.com.

    In the archive: O02329 Ancestry

  25. 25

    The Alumni Record of the University of Illinois, p. 384, entry 2681, Leonard Hegnauer, born 22 March 1872, Prairie City, Mo., son of Leonhard (born Canton Graubünden, Switzerland) and Susanna Katherine (Hirschi) Hegnauer (born Canton Bern); in "U.S., Family History Books," database with images, Ancestry.com. Also FamilySearch Full-Text, alumni record, University of Illinois, 1909: "s. Leonhard (b. Canton Graubunden, Switzerland) & Susanna Katherine (Hirschi) Hegnauer (b. Canton Bern) … A.B. Univ. of Kan. 1900 … Married Clara Edith Baker, Dec. 24, 1901" (machine transcription); image familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS8L-5H8P-6

    In the archive: O04101 Ancestry

  26. 26

    Missouri Division of Health, certificate of death, state file no. 61-010303, Katherine Susanna Link [indexed "Fink"], died 5 April 1961, Appleton City; born 17 August 1877, Bates County; father Lenard Hegnauer, mother Susanna Hirschi; in "Missouri, U.S., Death Certificates, 1910–1971," database with images, Ancestry.com.

    Ancestry

  27. 27

    "United States Census, 1900," database with images, FamilySearch, Leonhard Hegnauer, Pleasant Gap Township, Bates County, Missouri, dwelling 225, family 230; born April 1843, Switzerland; immigrated 1856; naturalized; married 1866; wife Susan K., mother of 7 children, 5 living; sons Leonard and Robert L.; citing NARA T623, roll 839, page 11, ED 18. FamilySearch record M3HK-FKS

    In the archive: O02866 , O00034 , O00030 , O00032 , O00038 Ancestry

  28. 28

    "Plat of Pleasant Gap, Township 39 North, Range 30 West," 1895 plat book of Bates County, Missouri, page 44, Sec. 36: "L. Hegnauer 80" and "C. Hegnauer 80"; scan shared by Susanna Vogt, "Bates County, MO 1895 Atlas," Ancestry member tree 37158608, 31 October 2023.

    Ancestry

  29. 29

    "U.S., Indexed County Land Ownership Maps, 1860–1918," database with images, Ancestry.com, Bates County, Missouri, 1895, "Plat of Prairie, Township 38 North, Range 30 West," page 40, Sec. 1: "Leonard Hegnauer 82.05", adjoining "G. Hirschi 164.61".

    Ancestry

  30. 30

    "1890 Veterans Schedules of the U.S. Federal Census," database with images, Ancestry.com, Leonard Hageneur, Pleasant Gap, Bates County, Missouri, S.D. 6, E.D. 28, page 1, line 5: Pvt, Co. E, 4 Mo. Inf., enlisted 16 Jun 1861, discharged 1 Feb 1863; post office Prairie City; disability deafness; citing NARA M123.

    Ancestry

  31. 31

    FamilySearch Full-Text, county history, Bates County, Missouri, 1883 [probably History of Cass and Bates Counties], account of the German Reformed church near Prairie City, built about 1879: "A. Hammer and wife, Leonard Hegenaur and wife, Peter Kamm and wife, and Christopher Hegenaur, were among the first members" (machine transcription); image familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9DF-KWST; the same names, garbled, in a 1958 cemetery survey ("Leonard Hegnauer and w[ife] Christopher Hegnaur"), familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSY6-B9HN-G

    In the archive: O04084

  32. 32

    "United States, Civil War and Later Pension Index, 1861–1917," database with images, FamilySearch, Leonhard Hegnauer, Co. E, 4th Missouri Infantry, and Co. C, Gasconade Co. Battalion, Mo. H.G. and U.S.R.C. Infantry: invalid application 1,301,547 filed 2 Jul 1903 (and 25 Feb 1907), certificate 1,097,644; widow Susan K., application 1,086,039 filed 17 Nov 1916, certificate 851,144; died Oct 1916 at Appleton, Mo.; citing NARA T289, Organization Index to Pension Files. FamilySearch record NHQL-HNP; images also on Fold3 (fold3.com/image/2537486; fold3.com/image/13164265).

    In the archive: O02988

  33. 33

    "United States, General Index to Pension Files, 1861–1934," database with images, FamilySearch, Leonhard Hegnauer and Susan K. Hegnauer, 1903; citing NARA T288. FamilySearch record KDYT-YGS

    In the archive: O02790

  34. 34

    "United States Census, 1910," database with images, FamilySearch, Leonard Hegnauer, Appleton Ward 2, St. Clair County, Missouri; with wife Susan and son Robert L.; citing NARA T624, roll 801, page 7A, ED 124. FamilySearch record M2BX-SW3

    In the archive: O02855 , O00035 Ancestry

  35. 35

    Missouri State Board of Health, certificate of death no. 38609, Leonhard Hagenauer [indexed "Leonard Hagmauer"], 31 October 1916, Appleton City, St. Clair County; Missouri State Archives, Missouri Death Certificates, 1910–1975 (sos.mo.gov/images/archives/deathcerts/1916/1916_00039278.PDF).

    In the archive: O04066

  36. 36

    "Copy of Original Death Certificate" by G. C. Bates, M.D., Missouri State Board of Health certificate of death, Leonhard Hegnauer, died 31 October 1916, Appleton City; born 25 April 1843, Switzerland; father Lucious Hegnauer; informant Mrs. Fred Hammer, Rockville; burial Bates County, 11/5/16; stamped U.S. Pension Office 17 Nov 1916 (original in the NARA pension file); photograph shared by jnel126, "Leonhard Hegnauer Death Cert," Ancestry member tree 154982007, 10 November 2018.

    Ancestry

  37. 37

    "St. Clair County, Missouri, U.S., Obituaries, 1888–1928," database, Ancestry.com, Leonard Hegnauer, died 31 October 1916, St. Clair County (abstracts of the St. Clair County Republican).

    Ancestry

  38. 38

    Find a Grave, memorial 55639179, Leonhard Hegnauer (25 Apr 1843 – 31 Oct 1916), Reform Cemetery, Pleasant Gap, Bates County, Missouri (findagrave.com/memorial/55639179).

    In the archive: O04022

  39. 39

    "United States, Veterans Administration Pension Payment Cards, 1907–1933," database with images, FamilySearch, Leonhard Hegnauer and widow Susan K. Hegnauer (card closed at her death, 12 February 1918); citing NARA M850. FamilySearch record K64R-X2Q

    In the archive: O02748 , O02749

  40. 40

    Gravestone of Leonhard Hegnauer (25 Apr 1843 – 31 Oct 1916) and "Susanna K. seine Frau" (15 May 1846 – 1918), Reform Cemetery, Pleasant Gap, Bates County, Missouri; photograph shared by jnel126, "Leonhard Hegnauer Grave," Ancestry member tree 154982007, 10 November 2018.

    Ancestry

  41. 41

    Studio portrait of Leonard Hegnauer, his wife Susanna Katherine (Hirschi) and their children Mary, Leonard, Christian, Katherine and Robert Lucius, about 1905–1910, its provenance given as a Stadler relative in Switzerland; shared by MaggieOhio, Ancestry member tree 9815048, 16 September 2012. The same portrait, labelled, shared by gloriaroach866, "Leonhard Hegnauer and family," Ancestry member tree 56662186, 13 December 2016.

    Ancestry

  42. 42

    FamilySearch Full-Text, county history, Bates County, Missouri, 1883 [probably History of Cass and Bates Counties, Missouri (St. Joseph, Mo.: National Historical Company, 1883)], biography of Leonard Hegnauer: "His parents, Lucius and Margaret Hegnauer nee Bernet … In 1856, the family immigrated … Madison County, Illinois"; five children (machine transcription); images familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-99DF-KCYW and familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSZ6-FSBT-W

    In the archive: O04083

  43. 43

    Duplicate marriage certificate of Leonhard Hegnauer of Kanton Graubünden and Susane K Hirschi of Amseldingen [Amsoldingen], Kanton Bern, married at Highland, Illinois, 4 July 1866, by Rev. Nicolas Schupbach; witnesses Johann Zimmermann and [Ann?] Elisabeth Mollet; drawn from the church records (page 213; book number cut off) and sworn at Highland, 21 April 1917, for the widow's pension claim (original in the NARA pension file); photograph shared by jnel126, "Hegnauer - Hirschi Marriage," Ancestry member tree 154982007, 10 November 2018.

    Ancestry