The Hegnauers in the Civil War

Five years after they landed at New York, three men of the Igis family were serving in the Union army. The family had sailed from Le Havre on the ship Chace and reached New York on 29 September 1856: Luzius Hegnauer, his wife Margreth and their five children, entered on the passenger list as "Hegemann".¹² By 1860 they were farming in Boeuf Township, Gasconade County, Missouri.³ In 1861 Luzius Hegnauer, then in his forties, and his second son Leonhard, eighteen, very probably served together in the county's Home Guards, which guarded the bridges of the Pacific Railroad, and that autumn both enlisted at Hermann for three years in the battalion that became the 4th Missouri Infantry.⁴⁵⁶ The eldest son, John, twenty, joined a cavalry company raised at St. Louis and served for three years in Missouri, Arkansas, Kentucky, Tennessee and Mississippi.⁷ The younger sons, Martin and Christian, who had been eight and five when they landed,² were boys during the war, and no record of service has been found for either. The family's voyage is told on the page Igis to Missouri, 1856.

This page is built from each man's own records: his compiled service record and descriptive book, the pension indexes, the 1890 census of Union veterans and, for the home front, the county's deeds and the papers of the Union provost marshals. The history of the regiments comes from the Official Records, the reports of Missouri's adjutant general, the county history of 1888 and the Hermann German newspaper.

How to read this page

What a regiment did is not evidence of what one soldier did, so a man is placed at an event here only when his own record puts him there. A bi-monthly muster roll marks a man "present" on the day it was taken, such as 31 October or 31 December, not for the whole two months. Where this page says that a man was "very likely" at an action, he was carried present on the rolls on either side of it with no absence recorded between: strong evidence, but not proof. Where his company took part and nothing records whether he did, the page says so.

Summary

Luzius and Leonhard: the bridge guards

The summer of 1861. The war reached Gasconade County in June 1861. On 12 June, on the orders of Governor Jackson and General Price, the Pacific Railroad bridge over the Gasconade River was set on fire: "the torch being applied the draw fell into the river".⁸ The Hermann paper reported that General Lyon had ordered the Hermann Home Guard to guard the county's railroad bridges, and that on Friday, 14 June, two more companies raised "unter den Farmern" (among the farmers) were sworn in.⁹ Julius Hundhausen's battalion of five companies, one of them Captain Stocklin's company D, guarded the railroad bridges through the summer until it was disbanded on 1 October 1861.¹⁰ Service cards of these Home Guards, so far read only in machine transcription, name a "Lucius" (on one card "Lazurus") and a "Leonard Hegenauer" as privates in Captain Stocklin's company. A father and son of those names fit only Luzius and Leonhard, so both very probably served in it.⁴ Leonhard later gave 16 June 1861 as the date of his first enlistment, two days after the farmers' companies were sworn in, and a county history says that he "enlisted in 1861 for three months".¹¹¹² One of Luzius's cards records "allowances made by the Hawkins Taylor Commission".⁴ At the start of 1862 Missouri's adjutant general counted "Hundhausen's Battalion 400" among the three-month Home Guards, men "more than decimated by diseases" who were "yet unrecognized and unpaid".¹³

Enlistment. That autumn Hundhausen raised a three-year battalion of the U.S. Reserve Corps at Hermann from the disbanded Home Guards.¹⁰ Leonhard enlisted in it at Hermann on 14 October 1861, as a private in Company C. The company's descriptive book gives him as nineteen, five feet five and a half inches tall, with a dark complexion, brown eyes and black hair, a farmer born in "Grisson", that is Grisons, the canton of Graubünden.¹⁴⁶ Luzius followed on 18 November 1861, as a private in Company D. His first muster roll calls him "Lucius Hegeman", close to the "Hegemann" of the passenger list of 1856.⁵² His descriptive book shows a man of 42, five feet six inches tall, with a dark complexion, grey eyes and brown hair, a farmer, born at "Igis Switzerland".¹⁵¹⁶

Hermann, winter 1861–62. Just before Christmas 1861 Union troops crossed the Missouri at Hermann after the bridge-burners north of the river, "leaving the balance of each under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Hundhausen, at Hermann".¹⁷ Both Hegnauers were present on their companies' rolls to 31 December, so they were very likely at Hermann that winter, and Luzius's muster-in roll was made there on 9 January 1862.⁵⁶ On 18 January 1862 the battalion was joined with the 3rd Regiment of the Reserve Corps to form the 4th Missouri Infantry, seven companies strong. Leonhard's company became Company E, under Captain Balthasar Mundwiller, and Luzius's became Company F.¹⁸⁵

Guarding the railroad, 1862. The regiment's duty was to guard the Pacific Railroad. Its headquarters were at Pacific City, and in June 1862 General John M. Schofield wrote that he was "relying on Hundhausen to guard the entire Pacific Railroad as far as the Osage".¹⁹ The National Park Service's history of the regiment lists no battles.²⁰ Luzius was present on every muster roll of 1862.⁵ Leonhard was present until the autumn, when the October return marks him "absent sick at hosp[ital]", and at the end of December he was still "present, Sick".¹⁴⁶

Freedom seekers in Company E. In November 1862, while Leonhard was sick, people escaping slavery on Loutre Island, across the Missouri, "placed themselves under the protection of Capt. Mundweller", his captain. When four of them were jailed at Hermann, the acting provost marshal, C. C. Manwaring, had them freed that night.²¹ Whether Leonhard had any part in it is not recorded.

Mustered out. By the end of 1862 the regiment had been brought into St. Louis.²² Both men were mustered out at Benton Barracks, St. Louis, on 1 February 1863; Luzius's roll gives his age as 43, Leonhard's as 20.⁵⁶ In May 1863 a letter to the Hermann paper protested that these men were to be enrolled in the militia again: they had volunteered first, had still not been paid for their Home Guard service, and had fought sickness "an den Brücken" (at the bridges) for "Fünf Vierteljahre", five quarters of a year.²³ No militia record for any Hegnauer has been found.

John: three years in the cavalry

Enlistment. In August 1861, a few months before his twenty-first birthday, John enrolled at Camp Benton, St. Louis, in Captain Ernest Pfaff's company of mounted volunteers. He was mustered in at Bird's Point, Missouri, across the Mississippi from Cairo, on 18 September 1861, aged 20.⁷ Pfaff's company became Company A of the Benton Hussars, then Company A of the 5th Missouri Cavalry in February 1862, and on 15 November 1862 Company B of the 4th Missouri Cavalry.⁷²⁴²⁵ His muster rolls survive for all three years. He was carried present on seventeen of the company's eighteen bi-monthly rolls from August 1861 to August 1864, and no card records sickness, a wound, capture or desertion. He was a private on the roll of 28 February 1863 and a corporal at the special muster of 15 April 1863, and he kept that rank to the end.⁷²⁶

1861. On 26 September 1861, eight days after his muster-in, a squadron surprised part of Jeff Thompson's Confederate force at Hunter's Farm near Belmont, and "Captain Langen's company, and Captain Pfaff's company, returned at 5 o'clock p.m., with 4 prisoners and 4 horses".²⁷ John was with the company at Bird's Point on 18 September and present on 31 October, so he was very likely there, though whether he rode with the squadron is not recorded.⁷ In November the company was landed at Commerce with Oglesby's column, so it was not with Grant at the Battle of Belmont.²⁷

Pea Ridge, March 1862. At Bentonville on 6 March 1862, "Company A, Captain Pfaff and Lieutenant Apprederis, 28 men" was in the rear guard covering General Sigel's withdrawal and charged the Confederate advance. At Leetown the next day Colonel Joseph Nemett took Company A, under Lieutenant Schipper, back to recover an abandoned gun of Welfley's battery, and on 8 March the regiment advanced to Elkhorn Tavern.²⁸ John was present on the rolls of 28 February and 30 April 1862, so he was very likely at Pea Ridge; whether he rode with the party that saved the gun is not recorded.⁷

Arkansas, Kentucky and Tennessee, 1862–63. The company marched with General Curtis's army to Batesville and Helena, and in the autumn went by boat to Ste. Genevieve and on to Pilot Knob.²⁴ Its history claims the capture of Batesville, Arkansas, on 4 February 1863, where "Captain Rose, Fourth Missouri Cavalry, led the charge".²⁹²⁴ John, present on the rolls of 31 December 1862 and 28 February 1863, was very likely there, as far as his company was.⁷ From May 1863 the company was stationed at Columbus and Clinton, Kentucky, and Union City, Tennessee, "always scouting".²⁴ Two other companies of the regiment were captured at Union City in July 1863. John's was not among them, and he is present on the rolls either side.²⁴⁷

Mississippi, 1864. In January 1864 the regiment marched from Union City to Collierville through river bottoms where "the water was from 2 to 4 feet deep and filled with large cakes of broken ice". At Ivey's Hill near Okolona, Mississippi, on 22 February, "General Smith ordered the Fourth Missouri Cavalry to charge with sabers", and a rail fence stopped the charge.³⁰ John was very likely there: he is present on the rolls of 31 December 1863 and 29 February 1864.⁷ At Brice's Crossroads on 10 June 1864 his regiment cut its way out of the rout "with drawn sabers and revolvers".³¹ Whether John was with it cannot be said. He was present on 30 April, but on 30 June he was away "On expedition with Genl A. J. Smith", and the same roll stops part of his pay for lost ordnance stores. He was back with his company on 31 August, the day after it returned to Memphis from Smith's expedition to Oxford, Mississippi.⁷³¹

Home. In September 1864 the company's re-enlisted veterans and recruits went off with General Mower, while the rest of the company, the men whose three years were running out, stayed in camp near Memphis.²⁴ John was one of the rest. His term ran out on 18 September, three years after his muster-in, and he was mustered out at St. Louis as a corporal "for expiration of term" in October 1864, with a $100 bounty due to him. His last card seems to give the day as 26 October, and the register of the National Homes gives 25 October.⁷³²

The home front

The family's farm lay in Gasconade County. In March 1864, with the war still on, Luzius and his wife Margaretha mortgaged its 80 acres, in Section 23 of Township 44 North, Range 5 West, to Hermann Kemper for $500.³³ That spring Captain C. C. Manwaring, the Home Guard captain of 1861 and the provost marshal of the Loutre Island affair, was killed "while on a visit to his family".¹⁰ When Sterling Price's Confederate army invaded Missouri in the autumn, the county militia was ordered into service on 28 September 1864.³⁴ On the evening of 3 October Price's troops took Hermann.³⁵ The townsmen fired the town's old cannon until "die Zündkapseln ausgingen" (the percussion caps ran out), and then "Hr. Nebel", a gunner from Basel-Landschaft who had served in the Swiss Sonderbund War, spiked it.³⁶ The women and children took refuge in the caves nearby and on Graf's Island.¹⁰ The next day a Confederate detachment destroyed the Gasconade River bridge, the same bridge that had been set on fire in June 1861.³⁵⁸ A letter from Woollam, in Gasconade County, printed in the Hermann paper, told of stores plundered, horses stolen and unarmed men shot.³⁶

One record brings the raid close to the family. On 18 October 1864 a "Lucius Hegnaner", very probably Luzius, swore an affidavit, now among the papers of the Union provost marshals, that on 4 October Henry Domeyer had "betrayed union men in his neighborhood to the rebels".³⁷ Six years earlier a "Luzius Hegnaner" had witnessed a wedding at Domeyer's house in Boeuf Township.³⁸ Only the machine transcription of the affidavit has been read, and what came of the charge is not known.

Veterans and pensions

In 1865 Leonhard went to Madison County, Illinois, and on 4 July 1866 he married Susanna Katharina Hirschi there.³⁹⁴⁰ In December 1868 Luzius and Margaretha sold their Gasconade County farm, by then 120 acres, to Hermann Kemper,⁴¹ and by 1880 they lived in Bates County, Missouri, where Leonhard had settled in 1869.¹²⁴²

In June 1890 the census made a special count of surviving Union veterans. In Pleasant Gap Township, Bates County, it found both father and son: "Lucius Hageneur", private, 4th Missouri Infantry, with his post office at Papinville and no disability listed, and "Leonard Hageneur", private, Company E, whose disability was deafness.⁴³¹¹ The schedule gives Luzius's enlistment as 15 August 1862, which his service record contradicts, and Leonhard's as 16 June 1861, probably the start of his Home Guard service.⁴³¹¹⁵

On 15 July 1890, evidently under the new pension act of that June, Luzius applied for an invalid pension. Certificate 638,825 was issued on his claim, and in August 1891 the Kansas City Times listed "Luzius Hegnauer" among the Missouri pensions just granted.⁴⁴⁴⁵⁴⁶ They are the last records of him. When and where he died is not known, and no widow ever applied for his pension.⁴⁴

John applied for a pension on 19 August 1890.²⁵ In 1909, at 68, he entered the Western Branch of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers at Leavenworth, Kansas. He died there on 31 December 1917, still a member of the Home, and was buried in the Leavenworth National Cemetery, whose register enters him under his old company, Co. B, 4th Missouri Cavalry.³²⁴⁷⁴⁸

Leonhard applied for an invalid pension on 2 July 1903, and again on 25 February 1907, and was issued certificate 1,097,644.⁴⁹⁵⁰ He belonged to the Grand Army of the Republic post at Appleton City, and when he died at his home there on 31 October 1916, his comrades of the G.A.R. served as his pall bearers.³⁹ Seventeen days later his widow Susanna applied for a widow's pension. The physician's copy of his death certificate in her file is stamped by the Pension Office on 17 November 1916, and in April 1917 a duplicate certificate of their marriage at Highland was drawn from the church records for her claim.⁴⁹⁵¹⁵² She received the pension, certificate 851,144, until her death on 12 February 1918.⁵³⁴⁹

Other Hegnauers in the records of the war

• John Hegnauer of the 2nd Missouri Infantry, 1861. A single service card names a John Hegnauer, private in Company B of the Rifle Battalion attached to the three-month 2nd Missouri Infantry. He enrolled at St. Louis on 15 June 1861 and was mustered out at the St. Louis Arsenal to date 31 July 1861, "age 26".⁵⁴ A man born about 1835 does not fit John of Igis, who was 20 that September, so he was probably another man. Who he was is not known.⁷
• "Louis Hegnauer". The Civil War Soldiers Index also lists a Louis Hegnauer of Missouri. He is possibly Luzius, but the card behind the entry has not been examined.⁵⁵
• Heinrich Hegnauer of Seengen. The name turns up once more, far from Missouri. A copy of an entry in the marriage register of Seengen, certified there on 6 August 1865 and filed in a United States Civil War pension file, records the marriage of Rudolf Hansermann of Egliswil and Susanne Hansermann on 12 February 1847. One of the witnesses was "The Council Clerk Henrich Hegnaner" [Hegnauer].⁵⁶

Open questions

• Pension files (National Archives, Record Group 15). Luzius's file (certificate 638,825) is the best hope for his death date and his home after the war. Leonhard's (invalid certificate 1,097,644; widow's certificate 851,144) should state his service of 1861 and describe his illness of 1862 and his deafness. John's (application of 19 August 1890) has not yet been abstracted.
• The Home Guard cards and the affidavit of 1864 have been read only in machine transcription. The images, and the whole provost marshal's file, may give dates of service and the deponent's residence.
• Where was John on 10 June 1864 (Brice's Crossroads), and was he with A. J. Smith's force at Tupelo in July 1864?
• Militia service of Luzius, Leonhard or Martin in the 34th Enrolled Missouri Militia, 1863–64, in the Missouri State Archives' Soldiers' Records.
• Regimental books: the morning reports and company orders of the 4th Missouri Infantry (Missouri State Archives, Record Group 133) and the books of the 4th Missouri Cavalry, which may give company stations day by day.
• The 2nd Missouri John and "Louis": who was the John Hegnauer born about 1835, and does a second index card (FamilySearch FFB2-WYV) belong to him?

If you can help with any of these, please leave a comment below.

Sources

Notes

1. "Port of New York, September 29, 1856," New York Herald, 30 September 1856, p. 10: "Ship Chase, White, Havre 36 days, with mdse and 200 passengers, to George Buckley" (image); also New-York Daily Tribune, 30 September 1856, p. 8: "Ship Chace, White, Havre 36 days, mdse. and 200 passengers" (image); the sailing from Havre, New York Herald, 12 September 1856, p. 8: "Sld 22d, Chace, White, NYork" (image); images, Library of Congress, Chronicling America. ↩
2. "New York, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists (including Castle Garden and Ellis Island), 1820–1957," database with images, Ancestry.com, manifest of the ship Chase [Chace], Le Havre to New York, list dated 30 September 1856 (the ship arrived 29 September), lines 155–161, "Hegemann" family: Lucie 36, Marguerite 37, Johann 15, Leonhard 13, Christian[e] 10, Martin 8, Christian 5, Swiss; citing NARA M237, roll 167; image NYM237_167-0280 (image). ↩
3. "United States Census, 1860," database with images, FamilySearch, Luzi Hegnauer, Boef Township, Gasconade County, Missouri; citing NARA M653, FHL microfilm 803619, page 123. FamilySearch record MHZ1-DLR; image FamilySearch image 33S7-9BS8-GQR ↩
4. FamilySearch Full-Text, service cards, Gasconade County Home Guards, Missouri, 1861: "HEGENAUER, LAZURUS, Pvt, Capt. Stock[lin]'s Co., 1st Batt., Gasconade County Home Guards"; "Hegenaner [Hegenauer] Lucius, Capt. Stoucklin's Co. (D) … allowances made by the Hawkins Taylor Commission"; "HEGENAUER, LEONARD", same company (machine transcription); images 3Q9M-C3W4-M9SN-W, 3QHK-93PK-ZXP6, 3Q9M-CS1C-CHR7-L and 3Q9M-CS1C-CH1H-5. ↩
5. Compiled service record, Lucius Hegnauer, Pvt, Co. F, 4th Missouri Infantry, 11 cards: Co. D, Gasconade County Battalion, U.S. Reserve Corps, Mo. Inf. (as "Lucius Hegeman"), joined 18 November 1861 at Hermann for 3 years; detachment muster-in roll, Hermann, 9 January 1862; Co. F muster rolls January–December 1862, present; muster-out roll, Benton Barracks, 1 February 1863, age 43; NARA M405, roll 417; images, Fold3 (Fold3 file 230425668). Indexed in "U.S., Union Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861–1865," Ancestry.com, and "Missouri, Civil War Service Records of Union Soldiers, 1861–1865," FamilySearch, 1861 (age 42) and 1863 (age 43). FamilySearch record FF1W-7NY; FamilySearch record FFB9-9VJ ↩
6. "U.S., Union Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861–1865," database with images, Ancestry.com (images on Fold3, Fold3 230425643), Leonhard Hegnauer, Pvt, Co. E, 4th Missouri Infantry: joined 14 October 1861 at Hermann for 3 years (Co. C, Gasconade County Battalion, U.S. Reserve Corps, consolidated January 1862); muster-out roll, Benton Barracks, 1 February 1863, age 20; citing NARA M405. Also "Missouri, Civil War Service Records of Union Soldiers, 1861–1865," FamilySearch, 1861 (born about 1842) and 1863 (born about 1843). FamilySearch record FF1W-7NR; FamilySearch record FFB9-9J1 ↩
7. Compiled service records of John Hegnauer, NARA M405, Compiled Service Records of Volunteer Union Soldiers Who Served in Organizations From the State of Missouri; images, Fold3; indexed in "U.S., Union Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861–1865," database with images, Ancestry.com. (1) 5th Missouri Cavalry file, "Hecknauer, John," Co. A, 5th Mo. Cav., private, 9 cards: muster-in roll of Capt. Pfaff's Co., Missouri Mounted Vols., Bird's Point, Mo., 18 September 1861, age 20, enrolled 1 August 1861 at Camp Benton, St. Louis; Co. A, Benton Hussars, and Co. A, 5th Mo. Cav., muster rolls August 1861–October 1862, present; Fold3 image 215629932. (2) 4th Missouri Cavalry file, "Hegenauer, John," Co. B, 4th Mo. Cav., private in, corporal out, 14 cards: muster rolls November 1862–August 1864, present except 30 June 1864, absent "On expedition with Genl A. J. Smith"; corporal from the special muster of 15 April 1863; muster-out roll, St. Louis, October 1864, age 24, mustered out for expiration of term, bounty due $100; Fold3 image 211860511. ↩
8. Robert J. Rombauer, The Union Cause in St. Louis in 1861: An Historical Sketch (St. Louis, 1909), on the damage to the Pacific Railroad bridges over the Gasconade and the Osage, 12 June 1861 (archive.org, accessed 26 September 2026). ↩
9. Hermanner Volksblatt (Hermann, Missouri), 15 June 1861, p. 2: the Hermann Home Guard "erhielt letzten Mittwoch den Befehl von General Lyon" to guard the county's railroad bridges; two companies raised "unter den Farmern" sworn in on the Friday; image, Library of Congress, Chronicling America (image, accessed 26 September 2026). ↩
10. Goodspeed Publishing Co., History of Franklin, Jefferson, Washington, Crawford and Gasconade Counties, Missouri (Chicago, 1888), pp. 652–656: the Gasconade County Home Guards of 1861, among them Julius Hundhausen's battalion of five companies (Co. D, Capt. Stochlin [Stocklin]), which guarded the Pacific Railroad bridges and was "disbanded October 1, 1861, and reorganized as Hundhausen's Battalion" of the U.S. Reserve Corps; the death of Capt. C. C. Manwaring in the spring of 1864, "while on a visit to his family"; and Price's raid of October 1864, when the women and children of Hermann "took refuge in the caves in the vicinity and upon Graf's Island" (archive.org). ↩
11. "1890 Veterans Schedules of the U.S. Federal Census," database with images, Ancestry.com, Leonard Hageneur, Pleasant Gap, Bates County, Missouri, S.D. 6, E.D. 28, page 1, line 5: Pvt, Co. E, 4 Mo. Inf., enlisted 16 June 1861, discharged 1 February 1863; post office Prairie City; disability deafness; citing NARA M123 (record). ↩
12. [W. O. Atkeson], History of Bates County, Missouri (1918), pp. 719–721, sketch of Christian Hegnauer, including his father Leonard Hegnauer, who "enlisted in 1861 for three months" before joining the 4th Missouri and came to Bates County in 1869; scan shared by Susanna Vogt, "Bates History - Hegnauer excerpt," Ancestry member tree 37158608, 4 December 2023 (image). ↩
13. Organization and Status of Missouri Troops (Union and Confederate) in Service during the Civil War (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1902), pp. 146–147, report of Adjutant General Chester Harding, 1 January 1862 (archive.org, accessed 26 September 2026). ↩
14. Compiled service record, Leonhard Hegnauer, Co. C, Gasconade County Battalion, U.S. Reserve Corps, Missouri Infantry, Company Descriptive Book: age 19, 5 ft 5½ in, dark complexion, brown eyes, black hair, born "Grisson" [Grisons], Switzerland, farmer, enlisted 14 October 1861 at Hermann; with returns of Co. E, 4th Mo. Inf., October 1862, absent sick in hospital; NARA M405; images, Fold3 (Fold3 239395000). ↩
15. Compiled service record, Lucius Hegnauer, age 42, Co. F, 4th Missouri Infantry, Company Descriptive Book: 5 ft 6 in, dark complexion, grey eyes, brown hair, born "Igis Switzerland", farmer; enlisted 18 November 1861 at Herman[n] by [?] Hundhausen for 3 years; NARA M405, roll 770; image, Fold3 (Fold3 239395003); also in "U.S., Union Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861–1865," database with images, Ancestry.com. ↩
16. FamilySearch Full-Text, company descriptive book, 4th Missouri Infantry, Hermann, Missouri, 18 November 1861: "Lucius Hegnaner [Hegnauer] … Age 42 years, height 5 feet 6 inches, complexion dark, eyes grey, hair brown, born Switzerland, farmer; enlisted Nov 18, 1861, Herman" (machine transcription); image 3QHJ-N3B2-7NTM. ↩
17. U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1880–1901), vol. 8, p. 43, report of Col. Todd, Danville, Missouri, 25 December 1861, on his crossing of the Missouri at Hermann on 23–24 December with parts of the 10th Missouri and 81st Ohio, "leaving the balance of each under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Hundhausen, at Hermann" (archive.org). ↩
18. Official Register of Missouri Troops for 1862, pp. 27–28: the 4th Missouri Infantry, formed of the Gasconade County Battalion and the 3rd U.S. Reserve Corps, seven companies; Co. E, Capt. Balthasar Mundwiller; Co. F, 1st Lt. J. C. Meyer (archive.org, accessed 26 September 2026). ↩
19. U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1880–1901), vol. 13 (1885), p. 413, Brig. Gen. J. M. Schofield to Brig. Gen. James Totten, St. Louis, 3 June 1862: "I have sent Rombauer's regiment to Rolla, relying on Hundhausen to guard the entire Pacific Railroad as far as the Osage"; and p. 508, Col. Lewis Merrill to Col. R. Hundhausen, Pacific City, 23 July 1862, on "your guards along the line of the road" (archive.org, accessed 27 September 2026). ↩
20. National Park Service, Soldiers and Sailors Database, "4th Regiment, Missouri Infantry (3 years)": "On duty in Districts of Southwest Missouri and St. Louis at Pacific City and St. Louis till February, 1863"; no battles listed (nps.gov, accessed 26 September 2026). ↩
21. C. C. Manwaring to Gen. Curtis, 26 November 1862, quoted in House Divided Project, Dickinson College, "1862: Loutre Island" (2020): the freedom seekers "placed themselves under the protection of Capt. Mundweller"; four of them jailed at Hermann on 25 November and freed that night by Manwaring as acting provost marshal (PDF, accessed 26 September 2026). ↩
22. Official Records, Series I, vol. 22, pt. 1, p. 894, return for 31 December 1862: at Saint Louis, "4th Missouri (seven companies), Col. Robert Hundhausen" (archive.org). ↩
23. Hermanner Volksblatt, 16 May 1863, p. 2, letter against the enrolment of the discharged Reserve Corps men in the militia: "als Homeguards haben sie heute noch keinen Sold"; image, Library of Congress, Chronicling America (image, accessed 26 September 2026). ↩
24. Annual Report of the Adjutant General of Missouri, for the Year Ending December 31, 1864 (Jefferson City, 1865), pp. 170–173, history of Co. B, 4th Missouri Cavalry: organised 13 August 1861 at St. Louis by Captain E. Pfaff as Co. A, 5th Missouri Cavalry, and lettered Co. B, 4th Missouri Cavalry, in November 1862; its marches and stations, among them Batesville, Helena, Ste. Genevieve and Pilot Knob, and from May 1863 Columbus and Clinton, Kentucky, and Union City, Tennessee, "always scouting"; the capture of Cos. C and E at Union City; and the departure of the veterans and recruits with General Mower on 2 September 1864, while "the rest of the company" was "encamped near Memphis" (archive.org). ↩
25. "U.S., Civil War Pension Index: General Index to Pension Files, 1861–1934," database with images, Ancestry.com, John Hegenaner [Hegenauer], B, 4 Mo. Cavalry; A, 5 Mo. Cavalry; A, Benton Hussars Mo. Cavalry; application filed 19 August 1890, Missouri; citing NARA T288 (record). ↩
26. National Park Service, Soldiers and Sailors Database, "Hegenauer, John", Co. B, 4th Regiment, Missouri Cavalry (Union), private in, corporal out; citing NARA M390, roll 21 (nps.gov). ↩
27. Official Records, Series I, vol. 3, pp. 197–198, the affair at Hunter's Farm near Belmont, 26 September 1861; and p. 256, "Captain Pfafi's [Pfaff's] cavalry" landed at Commerce, Missouri, with Oglesby's column, November 1861 (archive.org). ↩
28. Official Records, Series I, vol. 8, pp. 244–245, report of Col. Joseph Nemett, 5th Missouri Cavalry, on Bentonville and Pea Ridge, 6–8 March 1862 (archive.org). ↩
29. Official Records, Series I, vol. 22, pt. 1, p. 227, the capture of Batesville, Arkansas, 4 February 1863 (archive.org). ↩
30. Official Records, Series I, vol. 32, pt. 1, pp. 268, 270: the march from Union City to Collierville, January 1864, and Ivey's Hill near Okolona, 22 February 1864 (archive.org). ↩
31. Official Records, Series I, vol. 39, pt. 1, p. 133, Brice's Crossroads, 10 June 1864, and p. 392, A. J. Smith's expedition to Oxford, Mississippi, August 1864 (archive.org). ↩
32. "U.S., National Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, 1866–1938," database with images, Ancestry.com, John Hegenauer, Western Branch (Leavenworth); admitted 1909, age 68; born about 1841, Switzerland; enlisted 18 September 1861, St. Louis; discharged 25 October 1864, St. Louis; Co. B, 4th Mo. Cav.; died 31 December 1917; citing NARA M1749 (record). ↩
33. FamilySearch Full-Text, mortgage deed, Gasconade County, Missouri, 3 March 1864, filed 2 May 1866: "Luzi Hegnaner and Margareth Hegnaner the wife" to Hermann Kemper, note of $500 at 6 per cent, the same 80 acres in Section 23, Township 44, Range 5 West (machine transcription); image 3Q9M-CSTM-737X-J. ↩
34. Annual Report of the Adjutant General of Missouri, for the Year Ending December 31, 1864 (Jefferson City, 1865), p. 279: the Gasconade County militia (34th Regiment, Enrolled Missouri Militia) ordered into service on 28 September 1864 (archive.org, accessed 26 September 2026). ↩
35. Official Records, Series I, vol. 41, pt. 1, p. 628 and following, report of Maj. Gen. Sterling Price: Hermann taken on the evening of 3 October 1864, and the Gasconade River bridge destroyed by a detachment the next day (archive.org). ↩
36. Hermanner Volksblatt, 22 October 1864, p. 1: the taking of Hermann on 3 October 1864, the town's cannon fired until "die Zündkapseln ausgingen", "Hr. Nebel, ein Baselandschäftler Kanonier"; and a letter from Woollam, Gasconade County, 13 October 1864; image, Library of Congress, Chronicling America (image, accessed 26 September 2026). ↩
37. FamilySearch Full-Text, affidavit, Union provost marshals' papers, Gasconade County, Missouri, 18 October 1864: "Lizurs Hegenne … Lucius Hegnaner" [Luzius Hegnauer] swears that Henry Domeyer "betrayed union men in his neighborhood to the rebels" (events of 4 October 1864) (machine transcription); image 3QHV-13GK-4XQZ. ↩
38. FamilySearch Full-Text, marriage certificate of Adam Fetter and Mrs. Dorothea Merkel, Boeuf Township, Gasconade County, Missouri, 11 October 1858: married "at the house of Henry Domeyer"; witnesses Henry Domeyer and "Luzius Hegnaner" [Hegnauer] (machine transcription); image 3QS7-L94V-L7L1. ↩
39. "Passing of a Pioneer: Leonard Hegnauer, Well Known German Citizen Succumbs to Paralysis After Brief Illness," Appleton City Journal (Appleton City, Missouri), 9 November 1916, p. 1: the family came to America in 1856 and first settled in Gasconade County; in 1865 he went to Madison County, Illinois; a member of the G.A.R. post at Appleton City, with G.A.R. pall bearers at his funeral; image, Newspapers.com (image). ↩
40. "Illinois, County Marriages, 1810–1940," database with images, FamilySearch, Leonard Hagnauer and Susan K Hirschi, 4 July 1866, Madison County, Illinois, page 204. FamilySearch record QK9L-7HX2 ↩
41. FamilySearch Full-Text, warranty deed, Gasconade County, Missouri, 26 December 1868, recorded 6 April 1870: "Luze … and Margaretha Hegnaner his wife" to Herman Kemper, the 120 acres in Section 23, Township 44, Range 5 West, for $1,200 (machine transcription); image 3Q9M-CSTM-37CT. ↩
42. "United States Census, 1880," database with images, FamilySearch, Lucius Hegnauer in household of Christian Hegnauer, Prairie Township, Bates County, Missouri; citing NARA T9, roll 674, page 241D, ED 161. FamilySearch record M66D-DZC ↩
43. "1890 Veterans Schedules of the U.S. Federal Census," database with images, Ancestry.com, Lucius Hageneur [indexed "L. Hegnauer"], Pleasant Gap, Bates County, Missouri, S.D. 6, E.D. 28, page 2, line 13, house 80, family 83: Pvt, 4 Mo. Inf., enlisted 15 August 1862; post office Papinville; citing NARA M123; image MOM123_32-0138 (image). ↩
44. "United States, Civil War and Later Pension Index, 1861–1917," database with images, FamilySearch, Luzius Hegnauer, Pvt., Co. F, 4th Missouri Infantry: invalid application 831,233 filed 15 July 1890 (marked "J", evidently the Act of 27 June 1890), certificate 638,825; no widow or minor; citing NARA T289, Organization Index to Pension Files. FamilySearch record NHQL-CX9; image also on Fold3 (Fold3 2537681). ↩
45. "U.S., Civil War Pension Index: General Index to Pension Files, 1861–1934," database with images, Ancestry.com, Luzius "Hegnaner" [Hegnauer], F, 4 Mo. Inf.: invalid application 831,233 filed 15 July 1890, certificate 638,825, Missouri; citing NARA T288; image 32959_032874-02705 (record). ↩
46. "Pensions have been granted as follows," The Kansas City Times (Kansas City, Missouri), 21 August 1891, p. 2, Missouri list: "Luzius Hegnauer"; image, Newspapers.com (image). ↩
47. "U.S., Burial Registers, Military Posts and National Cemeteries, 1862–1960," database with images, Ancestry.com, Leavenworth National Cemetery register: "Hegenauer, John, B, 4th Mo. Cav., Dec. 31 [1917]," grave 33-5792-5; citing National Cemetery Administration (record). ↩
48. "U.S., Veterans' Gravesites, ca. 1775–2019," database, Ancestry.com, John Hegenauer, Cpl, U.S. Army, died 31 December 1917, Leavenworth National Cemetery, Section 33 Row 7 Site 19 (record). ↩
49. "United States, Civil War and Later Pension Index, 1861–1917," database with images, FamilySearch, Leonhard Hegnauer, Co. E, 4th Missouri Infantry, and Co. C, Gasconade Co. Battalion, Mo. H.G. and U.S.R.C. Infantry: invalid application 1,301,547 filed 2 July 1903 (and 25 February 1907), certificate 1,097,644; widow Susan K., application 1,086,039 filed 17 November 1916, certificate 851,144; died October 1916 at Appleton, Mo.; citing NARA T289, Organization Index to Pension Files. FamilySearch record NHQL-HNP; images also on Fold3 (Fold3 2537486; Fold3 13164265). ↩
50. "United States, General Index to Pension Files, 1861–1934," database with images, FamilySearch, Leonhard Hegnauer and Susan K. Hegnauer, 1903; citing NARA T288. FamilySearch record KDYT-YGS ↩
51. "Copy of Original Death Certificate" by G. C. Bates, M.D., Missouri State Board of Health certificate of death, Leonhard Hegnauer, died 31 October 1916, Appleton City; born 25 April 1843, Switzerland; father Lucious Hegnauer; stamped U.S. Pension Office 17 November 1916 (original in the NARA pension file); photograph shared by jnel126, "Leonhard Hegnauer Death Cert," Ancestry member tree 154982007, 10 November 2018 (image). ↩
52. Duplicate marriage certificate of Leonhard Hegnauer of Kanton Graubünden and Susane K Hirschi of Amseldingen [Amsoldingen], Kanton Bern, married at Highland, Illinois, 4 July 1866, by Rev. Nicolas Schupbach; drawn from the church records and sworn at Highland, 21 April 1917, for the widow's pension claim (original in the NARA pension file); photograph shared by jnel126, "Hegnauer - Hirschi Marriage," Ancestry member tree 154982007, 10 November 2018 (image). ↩
53. "United States, Veterans Administration Pension Payment Cards, 1907–1933," database with images, FamilySearch, Leonhard Hegnauer and widow Susan K. Hegnauer (card closed at her death, 12 February 1918); citing NARA M850. FamilySearch record K64R-X2Q ↩
54. Compiled service record, "Hegnauer, John," Co. B, 2nd Missouri Infantry (3 months, 1861), one card: company muster-out roll, Co. B, Rifle Battalion, Missouri Infantry, attached to the 2nd Missouri Infantry, St. Louis Arsenal, 1 August 1861, to date 31 July 1861; enrolled 15 June 1861 at St. Louis for 3 months; "age 26, only roll on which name is borne"; NARA M405; Fold3 234238514; indexed in "Missouri, Civil War Service Records of Union Soldiers, 1861–1865," FamilySearch. FamilySearch record FFB2-WYJ ↩
55. "United States, Civil War Soldiers Index, 1861–1865," database, FamilySearch, Louis Hegnauer, Missouri. FamilySearch record F9Y7-7J8 ↩
56. FamilySearch Full-Text, certified copy of the Seengen marriage register in a U.S. Civil War pension file: marriage of Rudolf Hansermann of Egliswil and Susanne Hansermann, Seengen, 12 February 1847; witnesses "The Council Clerk Henrich Hegnaner" and John Hansermann of Egliswil; certified at Seengen, 6 August 1865, and at Lenzburg and Aarau, 9 August 1865 (machine transcription); image 3QHV-P7RW-KCZF. ↩