Where the name Hegnauer comes from

The answer

Yes, it is a place name. Hegnauer means "the person from Hegnau". Hegnau is a village in the commune of Volketswil, canton Zürich, first written Hegenowa about 1150. The place name itself means "Hagino's Au": the land by the water that belonged to a man called Hagino (or Hego). The -er ending turns a place into a person, as Zürcher is someone from Zürich.

The name began as a description. From the 1280s people from the village were written dictus Hegnower, "called the Hegnauer". It had become a family name, passed from father to son, by the later 1300s. Hegnauers also lived in the village's own parish: the Volketswil register has them from 1590, two years after it begins. The Elgg, Seengen and Igis lines all carry this one name. The Igis founder's 1715 spelling Hagenauwer is the Igis pastor's way of writing that name. It is not a sign of a different home.

How sure:

• Very high that the surname comes from Hegnau in Volketswil. Every name book and lexicon consulted says so, and no other place fits.
• High that Hagenauwer at Igis is the same name (section 6).
• Open whether all Hegnauers descend from one man. A name meaning "from Hegnau" could have been given to several unrelated people from the village. The papers cannot settle that; Y-DNA can.

1. What kind of name it is

A name of origin (in German, a Herkunftsname). The sources that classify the name all treat it this way:

• The Igis citizens' corporation calls Hegnauer a name of origin from Hegnau, commune of Volketswil, district of Uster (Bürgergemeinde Landquart, quoted in Jacob Hegnauer).
• The Rätisches Namenbuch, the name book of Graubünden, lists the Igis Hegnauers with the family names that come from places in canton Zürich. It gives the source as "Hegnau, Dorf, Gde. Volketswil" (RN III, p. 565).
• The new Familiennamenatlas der Deutschschweiz puts Hegnauer on its map of old Swiss names of origin that come from place names ending in -au, beside Klingnauer, Lindauer and Schönauer (FDS, p. 756, map 348).
• The DFD, Germany's online dictionary of surnames, reports that Brechenmacher already named Hegnau (Volketswil) among the places that could give a name like Hegener (DFD "Hegener", citing Brechenmacher 1957, p. 678).

The -er ending. Swiss German makes the word for a person from a place by adding -er, and -erin for a woman. The Hegnau stories still call every villager a Hegnauer and every village woman a Hegnauerin (Hegnau). The medieval spellings end in -ower or -ouwer because ouwe was the Middle High German form of Au (ZSNB; Steuerbücher I).

From "of Hegnau" to "Hegnauer". The records show the change in progress:

• 1281–1282, a description. "C. dictus Hegenower" appears in 1281 (Zürcher Familiennamen, p. 85). In 1282 a man at Pfäfers is "Albertus dictus Ischener et dictus Hegnower" (RN III, p. 565). Dictus means "called". Albert had two bynames at once, so neither was yet a fixed family name.
• 1363–1413, the same man both ways. At Baden (Aargau):
  • Johannes von Hegnau was granted the tithe of Endingen and Würenlingen as a fief in 1363.
  • His son Wilhelm and Wilhelm's brother Jacob are von Hegnow in 1399.
  • In 1413 the same Wilhelm is Wilhelm Hegnöwer (Gessler documents, 1877: documents of 17 Mar 1399, 27 May 1399 and 22 Mar 1413, and the note on 1363). So "von Hegnau" and "Hegnauer" were two forms of one name, and the name had passed from father to son.
• 1366, a clerk writes the name in. In the Zürich city tax book, "Johans Hegenower" is written above a struck-out "sin koch" ("his cook"). The clerk replaced a description with a name (Steuerbücher I 172).
• 1437 and 1467–70, a surname even at Hegnau. "Hans Hegnoͧwer von Hegnoͧw" appears in 1437. Herman Hegnauer is taxed at Hegnau itself in 1467–70 (Steuerbücher II 500; VIII, register). A man living in Hegnau who is still called "the Hegnauer" carries a family name, no longer a description of where he came from.

When and where it became hereditary. The name was hereditary among the Baden gentry family by the 1360s. By 1450–70 it was a settled family name among several households in and around Zürich: Hegnau, Wangen, Hirslanden, Oberhusen and the city. Those households included brothers and cousins who all bore it (Steuerbücher VIII, register). In the church books it is fixed from the first entries: Fehraltorf in 1548 (index, to be checked), Elgg in 1553 and Volketswil in 1590 (the list of variants; Where did Jacob Hegnauer come from?).

2. The place: Hegnau and what its name means

How the name was written. The Zürcher Siedlungsnamenbuch, the Zürich place-name book, gives these forms (ZSNB):

The village is called Hègnau in the local dialect, with an open e (ZSNB).

This fills a gap in Hegnau. That chapter could not say which document gives the form of about 1150. The ZSNB cites two mid-12th-century entries in "ZUR", an edition of 1963. That is evidently Werner Schnyder's edition of the Zürich Urbare und Rödel (registers of lands and rents) up to 1336; the book itself was not seen. The 1244 Einsiedeln record is ZHUB II, p. 115, no. 607.

What the name means (ZSNB, paraphrased):

• The second part is Old High German ouwa, "land by water, island", modern Au.
• The first part is a man's name: Hego, Hago or Hagino. Every old spelling of the village has -e-. The village was also already settled in Old High German times: an early medieval cemetery has been found there (HLS Volketswil). The ZSNB therefore explains the e as an early umlaut of a, caused by the i in Hagino: zi Hagininouwa became Hegenowa, "at Hagino's Au".
• A rejected alternative. The name Hagano is common in the St. Gallen charters, but the ZSNB rejects it, because it would not produce that umlaut.
• Older views. Heinrich Meyer (1849, no. 607) already read the name as Heginowa, "at the Au of Hego". Boesch and Kläui/Schobinger, as reported by the ZSNB, derive it from a name in Hagan-.
• Is Hagino a real name? Förstemann's dictionary of Old German names calls Hagano and Hagino very common. It records Hegino at Wissembourg in 758 and at Lorsch, and Hego separately (Förstemann I, cols. 716–720).

Neighbouring places are named the same way. Nearby villages in the Zürich Oberland join a man's name to -au in the same way: Hittnau ("Hitto's Au") and Gündisau ("Gundin's Au") (Meyer 1849, nos. 603, 608). The name therefore does not mean "hedge meadow". The first part is a person's name, not the word Hag ("hedge"), although both go back to the same old root.

Only one settlement of that name. ortsnamen.ch, the database of Swiss place names, has one settlement called Hegnau: Volketswil. The only other entry is a field name "Hegnau" at Bremgarten AG (ortsnamen.ch search "Hegnau").

3. Other places that might give the same or a similar name

4. The lords "von Hegnau" and the surname: related or not?

What the lexicons say.

• HLS. The lords of Hegnau are recorded in the 13th century and were probably ministeriales (knights in a lord's service) of the counts of Rapperswil (HLS Volketswil).
• DHBS, entry "Hegnau, von, et Hegnauer". The Dictionnaire historique et biographique de la Suisse (1928, the French edition of the HBLS) treats "von Hegnau" and "Hegnauer" as one family (DHBS IV; the German HBLS IV, p. 112, has the same text):
  • ministeriales of the Habsburgs, recorded in the village from 1282;
  • citizens of Baden (Aargau) in the 14th century and of Zürich in the 15th;
  • found at Fehraltorf in the 17th century and at Uster castle in the 18th and 19th;
  • they still held some rights of jurisdiction over Hegnau in the 16th century, but could no longer keep up their rank. They left their castle before 1553, settled in the village and became farmers.
  • The entry adds that the Zürich and Baden Hagnauer and Hegnauer used the same first names and were confused early on.
  • Members named: Johannes (1331–1376), a squire and citizen of Baden; his son Wilhelm (1363–1413), who collected the Habsburg levy of 1388–89 in Aargau; Johannes, who became a citizen of Zürich on 22 Nov 1440; and Jakob, lord of the bailiwick of Hegnau in 1522, who was killed at Kappel in 1531 (the bailiwick passed to the Trüb family in 1535).
  • Their arms were gyronny of blue and gold, and the village of Hegnau still bears them (DHBS IV, "Hegnau").
  • The DHBS says plainly that it is not known whether this family is related to the Hegnauers of Elgg and Seengen.
• The Habsburg Urbar. Its editors call the Hegnauers "Austrian service people from Hegnau". They print the tax register of 1388–89 that Wilhelm Hegnauer, the collector, wrote himself (QSG 15/2, introduction and index).
• Sempach, 1386. The lists of those who fell on the Austrian side include a "Hans von Hegnow" or "der Hegnouwer". Some chronicles write him "Hans von Hagnow(e)", "Hagnouw", "Hagnauwer" or "Hagenauer" (Liebenau 1886; examples in section 6).

The two statements agree. The HLS's lords of the 13th century (Rapperswil ministeriales) and the DHBS's family (Habsburg ministeriales from 1282) are compatible: the HLS speaks of the 13th century and the DHBS of the Habsburg period after it.

Conclusion.

1. Same name, same place. The lords' family itself came to be called Hegnauer: Wilhelm von Hegnow of 1399 is Wilhelm Hegnöwer in 1413. So the surname was borne by the lesser nobility of Baden and Zürich in the 1300s and 1400s.
2. But the surname did not need the lords. Ordinary villagers were also called "von Hegnau": Bela in 1366, Fren Schultheissin in 1375 and Hans Gul in 1483 (Hegnauers in the Zürich tax books, 1366–1470; ZSNB). Anyone who left the village could become "the Hegnauer" in his new home. The man at Pfäfers "dictus Hegnower" in 1282 was plainly not one of the lords.
3. No record ties the study's lines to the noble family. The DHBS itself leaves the question open.
4. Two leads worth following.
   • (a) Volketswil. The DHBS says the family settled in Hegnau as farmers before 1553. The Volketswil register (Hegnau's parish) has Hegnauers from 1590, two years after it begins, until 1736. They are written Hegnauwer and Hegneüwer, and the study had wrongly filed them as "Schwyz" (jacob-origin note, item 4). Descent from the lords' family is the simplest explanation for a family called Hegnauer living in Hegnau itself. It is a hypothesis, not a finding.
   • (b) Fehraltorf and Baden. The DHBS puts the family at Fehraltorf in the 17th century, where the study has "Hegnorer" baptisms of 1548–1550 and a "Hagenauerin" in 1636. The Zürcher Familiennamen has a Magdalena Hegnauer of Mesikon (Fehraltorf) in 1628 (p. 174). The family's 14th-century home at Baden is the nearest recorded Hegnauer presence to Seengen before the church books begin (Baden is 29 km from Hegnau and about 18 km from Seengen). Both are possible routes, and both are unproven.

5. The spellings, one by one

6. The Igis spelling Hagenauwer (1715): a clerk's rendering, or a different origin?

The records question, where Jacob came from, belongs to the jacob-origin note. This section weighs only the name. The Igis entries, as indexed, are listed in Jacob Hegnauer and in the occurrences named below.

The case that Hagenauwer is Hegnauer written by a stranger:

1. The ending tells us nothing. -auwer was the usual 17th–18th-century way of writing -auer. Volketswil wrote its own village Hegnauw (1667) and its women Hegnawerin (1680) (ZSNB). Elgg, Volketswil, Luzern and Bern wrote Hegnauwer (variants.md).
2. Only one sound really differs, a for e. The extra -e- of Hagen- is found in Hegnauer spellings too: Hegenower in 1366, and at Igis itself, where Jacob's sister is Hegenauerin.
3. The e in Hegnau was once an a. It is an old umlaut of Hagino (ZSNB). The village is pronounced Hègnau, with an open e (ZSNB), which a speaker of another dialect can easily hear or write as a. Hagenau is the same name without the umlaut, so the mistake is a natural one.
4. Strangers wrote Hegnauers with Ha- in many places and centuries:
   • In chronicles. The 15th–16th-century lists of those who fell at Sempach write what appears to be one man as Hans von Hegnow, Hans von Hagnow(e), Hannss von Hagnouw, Hegnouwer, Hagnauwer and Hagenauer, in different chronicles or copies. Examples: Brennwald's chronicle, Silberysen's chronicle, and the anniversary book of St. Leonhard in Basel ("dictus Hagnower") (Liebenau 1886).
   • At Winterthur. The Zürcher Familiennamen lists these forms together under Hegnauer (Elgg): "H. de Hagino" 1259, "Heinrich der Hagenower" 1277, "C. dictus Hegenower" 1281 and "der Hagnower" about 1307 (p. 85).
   • In the lexicons. The DHBS says the Hagnauer and Hegnauer of Zürich and Baden were confused early on.
   • In the home parishes. The study's index has known Hegnauers of Elgg, Uster and Fehraltorf written Hagenauer(in) or Hagnauwer between 1636 and 1859: Barbara × Büechi (1667), Heinrichli († 1689), Joh. Abraham (1857) and Elise (1859) at Elgg; four Uster entries of 1816–48; Anna at Fehraltorf (1636). The jacob-origin note adds Hagnauwer at Elgg in 1691 and Hegenauwer in 1689.
5. Mistakes run from the rare name to the familiar one. The imperial city of Hagenau was known across the German-speaking world. The surname Hagenauer was widespread, and Hagenauwer was an everyday word, used for example for the town's measures (Grimm I, p. 618f.). Hegnau was a hamlet near Uster that nobody in Graubünden had reason to know. ortsnamen.ch has no Hegnau, Hagnau or Hagenau anywhere in Graubünden, so the name must have come to Igis with an incomer. A strange Hegnauer turning into a familiar Hagenauwer is the expected error. The reverse, a real Hagenauer becoming Hegnauer, would need someone who knew and insisted on the rarer form.
6. The Igis register itself changes towards Heg- while Jacob is alive. Jacob is Hagenauwer in 1715–17 and Hagenauer in 1724–27, then "Hegeauer" in 1731 and "Hegrnauer" in 1734. The last two are index misreadings, most likely of Hegnauer. His sister Elsbeth, in the entries for her Michel children of 1720–34, is indexed both as Hagenauer or Hagenhauerin and as Hegenauer, Hegenauerin or Hegenaueri (O04252, O04260, O04332, O04930, O04931, O04943). From 1744 the family appears in the Igis index as Hegnauer. Two siblings drifting the same way in one register fits a single name that the pastor at first wrote in the familiar form and later wrote correctly, perhaps once the family or its papers set him right.
7. The name books take it for granted. The Rätisches Namenbuch puts the Igis Hegnauers (from 1808: "Magdal. Hegnauer (von hier)" in 1816, "Elisab. Hegnauer (von Igis)" at Maienfeld in 1808) under Hegnau in Volketswil. So does the Bürgergemeinde Landquart. Neither looked at the 1715 spelling, so this supports the name, not Jacob's origin.
8. Zürich names in Graubünden usually came with immigrants. The FDS notes, after the Rätisches Namenbuch, that the Toggwiler of Grüsch GR descend from people who moved there from canton Zürich (FDS, p. 756).

The case for a different origin, and why it is weaker.

• Real Hagenauer families existed in reach. The study has Hagenauwer entries at Stein am Rhein (1590s–1762, including a Jacob Hagenauwer whose daughter married there in 1721), at Zürich (Lienhart, 1632) and at Wagenhausen TG (1724). It also has the Catholic Hagenauers of St. Gallen and Rorschach and the Aarau Hagnauers (variants.md; FamN).
• Stein am Rhein is the one to watch. It lies 35 km from Hagnau am Bodensee, the likeliest home of a genuine Hagenauer family in that area. The Winterthur Hegner family also had a branch there (HLS "Hegner"). So Stein's Hagenauwer could be either name, and only the register images can say which.
• Why it is weaker. If Jacob had been born a Hagenauer, nothing explains why both his name and his sister's moved to Heg- at Igis. The jacob-origin note adds a point from the records: every Hagenauer family it found in Alsace and southern Germany was Catholic, and Jacob married in the Reformed church.

Verdict: high confidence that Hagenauwer at Igis is Hegnauer written by a pastor who did not know the name. The spelling points to a Zürich origin, if anything; it does not prove one. One test is simple: did the Igis pastor change between 1727 and 1731, when the spelling turns? (That is for the records side.)

7. Where the name is and was at home, and what that implies

Citizenships held in 1962 (Familiennamenbuch der Schweiz, read through familiennamen.ch, the Idiotikon's portal):

• Igis is not in the book. The Familiennamenbuch lists only families that held a citizenship in 1962. The Igis Hegnauer citizen family had died out by then: a member living in London gave up the citizenship in 1924, and the Bürgergemeinde Landquart records the family as extinct (H1434, citation "bgl").
• The Igis family counted as local by 1816. The Rätisches Namenbuch has "Magdal. Hegnauer (von hier)", of this place, at Igis in 1816 (RN III, p. 565).
• Earlier citizenships. The DHBS adds that the Elgg family became citizens of Zürich in 1877 and of Winterthur in 1900.
• How common the name is. Hegnauer ranks about 5,900th among Swiss surnames (familiennamen.ch).

Where the name was before the church books (straight-line distances from Hegnau):

• Zürich city, Hirslanden and Oberhusen, 1366–1470 (about 10 km);
• Wangen, the next village, and Hegnau itself, 1467–70;
• Winterthur (13 km), from 1259 or 1277 if the Zürcher Familiennamen is right to count those forms;
• Elgg (19 km), 1468–70;
• Baden (29 km), 1331–1413;
• Pfäfers (77 km), 1282, and Sargans, 1348 (RN III). The two Rhine-valley bynames, at Pfäfers and Sargans, lie 7–15 km from Igis, but nothing links them to Jacob four centuries later.

In the church books:

• Fehraltorf (6 km), 1548–50;
• Elgg, from 1553;
• Volketswil, Hegnau's own parish, from 1590 to 1736 (the register begins in 1588);
• Effretikon, Winterthur and Uster;
• the Luzern Seetal, from 1584;
• Bern and Biel, from the 1590s;
• Basel, 1607;
• Seengen AG (36 km);
• Igis (84 km), from 1715. (INDEX; variants.md; jacob-origin note.)

What this implies:

1. The distribution is what a name from one Zürich hamlet should look like. Both old citizenships lie within 40 km of Hegnau: Elgg at 19 km, Seengen at 36 km. So do nearly all the pre-1600 records. The name also stayed in its home parish until 1736. No other home for the Swiss name is needed or found.
2. One place does not mean one ancestor. Names of origin were often given independently to several people from the same village. The tax books of 1450–70 already show several Hegnauer households at once. "Von Hegnau" was used for villagers with other surnames too. And there was a Hegnauer gentry family besides. Elgg, Seengen and Igis may therefore descend from different medieval Hegnauers. The papers cannot decide this; Y-DNA can.
3. Each line has a plausible path back to Hegnau. Elgg is linked to Winterthur and the Hegner (sections 4 and 5). Seengen has the Baden gentry branch of the 14th century nearby, and the numerous Kulm-valley Hegnauers of 1856 (Rochholz). Igis has a Zürich-area incomer about 1715. All three are consistent with the name coming from Hegnau. None is proven.

8. What is still uncertain, and how to settle it

1. The c.1150 document. Read Schnyder's 1963 edition (ZUR, nos. 14 and 16) to confirm that the form belongs to this Hegnau. Hegenowa is also a medieval spelling of Hagenau in Alsace (Hegnau). The ZSNB's dating to "mid-12th century" and its context in Zürich sources make this Hegnau very likely.
2. Two books seen only in snippets.
   • Zürcher Familiennamen (1994), p. 85: its full entries for Hegnauer and Hegner, including its note on meaning and on what it means by "H. de Hagino" (1259). The place-name book says every old form of the village has e, so a Hagino would be unusual.
   • Rätisches Namenbuch III, p. 565: the full entry. Both are in Swiss libraries.
3. Reference works not read directly. Brechenmacher, Bahlow, Duden Familiennamen (Kohlheim) and Gottschald were known only through the DFD's citations; they are not online. The DFD has no article yet for Hegnauer, Hagenauer or Hegenauer: its Hagener article refers to a "Hagenauer 1" that has not been published. The Idiotikon's surname portal, familiennamen.ch, has citizenship data for Hegnauer but no etymology article.
4. Hegner. Whether the Winterthur Hegner are an early branch of the Elgg Hegnauers, which would make "Hegner" partly the same name, or a family from Hegi. The HLS says "Hegi–Elgg area" but gives spellings with -ow-, which point to -au.
5. The DHBS's family history (a castle left before 1553; Fehraltorf in the 17th century; Uster castle in the 18th and 19th) is 1920s work that cites Merz, the Zürich city books and the anniversary book of Uster. It should be checked against the Volketswil and Fehraltorf registers before anyone relies on it.
6. Igis: the test in section 6, and the register images already listed in the jacob-origin note.
7. Y-DNA: one direct male-line Hegnauer from each of Elgg or Uster, Seengen and Igis. This is the only test of "one ancestor or several".

Sources

Place names and name books

• ZSNB: ortsnamen.ch, "Hegnau" (Volketswil), record 7059591, data of the Zürcher Siedlungsnamenbuch: meaning, list of forms and references. ortsnamen.ch/de/record/7059591 (read in a browser, 27 Sep 2026). The same site's searches for "Hegnau", "Hagnau" and "Hagenau" were also used, including records 7036599 (Hagnau, Neerach; collection of Boesch and Rutishauser) and 803128926 (Hagnau, Merenschwand; swissNAMES3D).
• Meyer 1849: Heinrich Meyer, "Die Ortsnamen des Kantons Zürich aus den Urkunden gesammelt und erläutert", Mitteilungen der Antiquarischen Gesellschaft in Zürich 6 (1849), nos. 603, 606, 607 (Hegnau), 608 and 910. archive.org/details/mitteilungendera61849zric
• Förstemann I: Ernst Förstemann, Altdeutsches Namenbuch, vol. 1: Personennamen, 2nd ed. (Bonn, 1900), cols. 716–720 (stems HAG and HAGAN: Hego, Hagano, Hagino, Hegino). archive.org/details/bub_gb_doEFT5vbo2kC
• Förstemann II: Förstemann, Altdeutsches Namenbuch, vol. 2: Ortsnamen, 2nd ed. (Nordhausen, 1872), s.v. Haganowa, archive.org/details/bub_gb_IY1-8kl7GL4C ; and 3rd ed., ed. Hermann Jellinghaus, vol. 2, part 1 (Bonn, 1913), cols. 1157–1158, s.v. Haganowa, archive.org/details/ForstemannAltdeutschesNamenbuchBd.2H13teA1913
• LEO-BW: Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Historisches Ortslexikon, entries "Hegne" (Allensbach) and "Hagnau am Bodensee" (former commune), leo-bw.de (27 Sep 2026).
• RN III: Rätisches Namenbuch, vol. 3: Die Personennamen Graubündens, ed. Konrad Huber (Bern: Francke, 1986; Romanica Helvetica 101), p. 565, entry "Hegnauer". Seen in Google Books snippet view only. Vol. 2 (Etymologien), p. 562, lists "Hegnauer Fam. N. Igis" (snippet).
• Zürcher Familiennamen: Viktor Schobinger, Alfred Egli and Hans Kläui, Zürcher Familiennamen: Entstehung, Verbreitung und Bedeutung der Namen alteingesessener Zürcher Familien (Zürich: Zürcher Kantonalbank, 1994), p. 85 (Hegi, Hegnauer, Hegner) and p. 174. Snippet view only (Google Books id iTEXAQAAIAAJ).
• FDS: Luise Kempf (ed.), Familiennamenatlas der Deutschschweiz (FDS): Mit Ausblicken auf die romanischen Sprachgebiete (Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto, 2026), p. 756, "Herkunftsnamen zu Toponymen mit -au" (map 348, table 364). Google Books id RwkLEgAAQBAJ.
• FamN: Familiennamenbuch der Schweiz, 3rd ed. (Zürich, 1989), queried through the familiennamen.ch portal of the Schweizerisches Idiotikon for Hegnauer, Hagnauer, Hagenauer, Hegner and Hegi (27 Sep 2026). The Hegnauer result matches the table in FamilySearch research, 27 Sep 2026: Igis before 1744, Seengen, Elgg before 1695, the Familiennamenbuch, section 4.
• DFD: Digitales Familiennamenwörterbuch Deutschlands: Mehmet Aydin, "Hegener", namenforschung.net/id/name/14662/1 (it cites Brechenmacher, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Familiennamen, vol. 1, 1957, p. 678; Gottschald 2006, p. 242; Kohlheim, Duden Familiennamen, 2005, p. 315); Aydin, "Hegner", namenforschung.net/id/name/5811/1 ; Daniel Kroiß, "Hagener", namenforschung.net/id/name/149223/1 (all published 16 Sep 2026; read 27 Sep 2026).

Lexicons

• HLS Volketswil: Ueli Müller, "Volketswil", Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz, version of 2012 (edited 19 Sep 2017), hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000136/2017-09-19
• HLS "Hegner": Alfred Bütikofer, "Hegner", HLS, version of 2004 (edited 5 Nov 2009), hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/023858
• DHBS III: Dictionnaire historique et biographique de la Suisse, vol. 3 (Neuchâtel, 1926), p. 747, "Hagnauer" (A: Aargau; B: Zürich). archive.org/details/dictionnairehist03gode
• DHBS IV: the same, vol. 4 (Neuchâtel, 1928), s.v. "Hegnau", "Hegnau, von, et Hegnauer" and "Hegnauer" (Elgg). archive.org/details/dictionnairehist04gode . The German edition, Historisch-biographisches Lexikon der Schweiz IV (1927), p. 112, has the same entries (Google Books snippet).
• Muri-Gries wiki: "Johannes Hagnauer", muri-gries.ch/mediawiki/index.php/Johannes_Hagnauer (Kiem 1888; Helvetia Sacra III/1, p. 931).

Printed records

• Steuerbücher I: Die Steuerbücher von Stadt und Landschaft Zürich des XIV. und XV. Jahrhunderts, vol. 1 (Zürich, 1918): register s.v. "Hagnau … von", "Hagnauer" and "Hegnauer"; pp. 123 and 172. archive.org/details/diesteurbcherv01zruoft
• Steuerbücher VIII: the same, vol. 8, register (1958), s.v. "Hagnower" and "Hegnauer". archive.org/details/diesteurbcherv08zr . See also Hegnauers in the Zürich tax books, 1366–1470.
• Gessler documents: E. L. Rochholz (ed.), Die Aargauer Gessler in Urkunden von 1250 bis 1513 (Heilbronn, 1877), documents of 17 Mar 1399, 27 May 1399 (two) and 22 Mar 1413 (two), and the note on the Endingen tithe (fief of 17 Jan 1363 to Johannes von Hegnau, after J. Huber, Die Urkunden des Stiftes Zurzach, 1873, p. 263). archive.org/details/dieaargauergess00unkngoog
• QSG 15/2: Rudolf Maag, Paul Schweizer and Walther Glättli (eds.), Das Habsburgische Urbar, vol. 2, part 2 (Quellen zur Schweizer Geschichte 15/2; Basel, 1904): introduction on the Aargau tax register of 1388–89 (II 713–733), and the index s.v. "Hagnau, von" and "Hegnauer". archive.org/details/quellenzurschwei152unse
• Liebenau 1886: Theodor von Liebenau, Die Schlacht bei Sempach: Gedenkbuch zur fünften Säcularfeier (Luzern, 1886), lists of the fallen (from the chronicles of Brennwald and Silberysen, the St. Leonhard anniversary book, and others). archive.org/details/bub_gb_vbQBAAAAYAAJ
• Grimm I: Jacob Grimm (ed.), Weisthümer, vol. 1 (Göttingen, 1840), pp. 618–619 (Lower Alsace: "Hagenauwer mas und gewicht"). archive.org/details/weisthmer01maurgoog
• Rochholz, Schweizersagen: Ernst Ludwig Rochholz, Schweizersagen aus dem Aargau, vol. 1 (Aarau, 1856), nos. 7 and 52. archive.org/details/10454994bsb

Study files used:

• Map of the Hegnauers: every line at a glance ("The name");
• the list of variants;
• Hegnau;
• Switzerland: where the Hegnauers lived;
• Hegnauers in the Zürich tax books, 1366–1470;
• Hegnau stories: Vom Guggu und andere wahre Hegnauer Geschichten (VOV, 2010);
• Jacob Hegnauer;
• FamilySearch research, 27 Sep 2026: Igis before 1744, Seengen, Elgg before 1695, the Familiennamenbuch;
• Where did Jacob Hegnauer come from? (the Volketswil series; the Elgg Hagnauwer entries; the point about religion);
• data/occurrences.csv and data/people.csv (the occurrence and person IDs cited above).